Table of Contents

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Preface
19
Target Audience
19
Objective of This Book
20
How to Read This Book
21
1 Getting Started
23
1.1 Workflows in SAP S/4HANA
23
1.1.1 Evolution of Workflows from SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA
24
1.1.2 Workflow Options
27
1.2 Workflows in SAP Business Technology Platform
32
1.3 Workflow Development Tools
34
1.3.1 Tools for Classical Workflow
34
1.3.2 Tools for Flexible Workflow
38
1.3.3 BRFplus Development Tools
38
1.3.4 Tools for SAP Business Technology Platform
43
1.4 Identity and Access Management
45
1.4.1 Roles and Authorizations in SAP S/4HANA
45
1.4.2 Roles and Authorizations in SAP Business Technology Platform
47
1.5 Summary
48
Part I SAP Business Workflow for SAP S/4HANA
49
2 Introduction to Classical Workflows
51
2.1 Evolution of Classical Workflows
51
2.2 Standard Workflows
53
2.2.1 Searching for Standard Workflows
53
2.2.2 Commonly Used Standard Workflows
55
2.3 Configuring the SAP Business Workflow System
56
2.3.1 Maintain Runtime Environment
57
2.3.2 Maintain Definition Environment
64
2.3.3 Maintain Additional Settings and Services
66
2.3.4 Classify Tasks as General
68
2.4 Activating and Deactivating Standard Workflows
70
2.5 Configuring Agents for Standard Workflows
72
2.6 When to Develop a Custom Workflow
73
2.7 Summary
75
3 Building Methods and Tasks
77
3.1 Business Object Repository Approach
78
3.1.1 Business Object Type Definition
79
3.1.2 Defining a Custom Business Object Repository Object Type
88
3.1.3 Creating Key Fields and Attributes
91
3.1.4 Creating Methods and Defining Properties, Parameters, and Exceptions
97
3.1.5 Creating Business Object Repository Events
105
3.1.6 Testing a Business Object Repository Object Type
106
3.1.7 Creating a Subtype of a Standard Business Object Repository Object Type
108
3.1.8 Delegation
110
3.1.9 Business Object Repository Programming
111
3.2 ABAP Class Approach
116
3.2.1 Creating a Workflow Class
116
3.2.2 Defining Key Attributes and Non-Key Attributes
118
3.2.3 Creating Methods and Defining Attributes, Parameters, and Exceptions
120
3.2.4 Adding New Methods for Dialog and Background Tasks
123
3.2.5 Method Exceptions
124
3.2.6 Creating Events
128
3.2.7 Testing an ABAP Workflow Class
129
3.3 Task Definition
130
3.3.1 Defining Standard Tasks and Task Settings
131
3.3.2 Work Item Text and Description
135
3.4 Summary
137
4 Defining Workflows and Adding Steps
139
4.1 Workflow Builder
139
4.2 Common Workflow Steps
144
4.3 Adding Tasks
154
4.3.1 Adding an Activity Step
155
4.3.2 Adding a Send Email Step
157
4.3.3 Adding a User Decision Step
158
4.4 Containers and Bindings
160
4.4.1 Types of Containers
160
4.4.2 Binding Definition and Binding Operators
165
4.4.3 Custom Transformations in Binding
166
4.5 Multiline Elements and Dynamic Parallel Processing
167
4.6 Deadline Definition
169
4.7 Summary
176
5 Defining and Triggering Events
177
5.1 Event Triggering Techniques
178
5.1.1 Event Trigger via Change Documents
178
5.1.2 Event Trigger via Status Management
185
5.1.3 Event Trigger via Message Control
188
5.1.4 Event Trigger via ABAP Code in User Exits, Business Add-Ins, and Custom Programs
193
5.2 Event Creators, Receivers, and Event Linkage
198
5.3 Start Conditions in Workflows
203
5.4 Terminating Events and Instance Linkage
207
5.5 Check Function Module and Receiver Function Module for Events
210
5.6 Summary
212
6 Agent Determination
213
6.1 Different Types of Agents in Workflow
214
6.1.1 Possible Agents and Responsible Agents
214
6.1.2 Excluded Agents
217
6.1.3 Actual Agents
218
6.1.4 Deadline Agents
219
6.1.5 Notification Agents
219
6.2 Agent Determination Rules
220
6.2.1 Rule Definition
221
6.2.2 Rule Container
222
6.2.3 Binding to the Rule Container
223
6.2.4 Rule Types
224
6.3 Possible Agents in Tasks and Default Rules
234
6.4 Organizational Structure Definition and Linking to Workflow Agents
237
6.5 Summary
239
7 Email Notifications and Other Runtime Jobs
241
7.1 Prerequisites for Setting Up Email Notifications in Workflow
241
7.1.1 Setting Up Email IDs for SAP Users
242
7.1.2 Setting up SAPconnect
242
7.2 Classical Work Item Email Notifications via Program RSWUWFML2
244
7.3 Extended Notification Configuration with Program SWNCONFIG
252
7.3.1 Overview of the Notification Process
252
7.3.2 Detailed Customizing
254
7.4 Adding Inbox and Work Item URL Links to Workflow Work Item Notifications
262
7.5 Additional Workflow Runtime Jobs
264
7.6 Summary
265
8 Workflow Administration, Monitoring, and Troubleshooting
267
8.1 Workflow Log
268
8.2 Workflow Administration
274
8.3 Workflow Error Diagnosis and Resolution
279
8.4 Workflow Inbox and Features
283
8.5 Substitution and Automatic Forwarding
289
8.5.1 Substitutions in SAP GUI
290
8.5.2 Substitutions in SAP Fiori
297
8.6 Display Dynamic Labels for Tasks to Display in Business Workplace
299
8.7 Event Trace and Event Queue Administration
301
8.8 Process Incoming Documents with ArchiveLink
305
8.9 Summary
310
9 Application Link Enabling and Reporting
313
9.1 Error Handling during IDoc Processing
314
9.1.1 Business Requirements for Inbound IDoc Error Handling
314
9.1.2 Handling the Inbound IDoc Error
315
9.1.3 Notification of Successful Posting
320
9.1.4 Testing Procedure
323
9.1.5 Setting Up an Inbound IDoc Process via a Workflow
326
9.2 Active Monitoring
327
9.3 Common Workflow Data Tables
329
9.4 Common Workflow Application Programming Interfaces
330
9.5 Workflow Reporting
331
9.6 Implementing Program Exits to Capture Data from Workflow Steps
335
9.7 Summary
339
10 BRFplus
341
10.1 Introduction to BRFplus
341
10.1.1 Business Rules Management Systems
342
10.1.2 Rule Modeling
342
10.1.3 Rule Execution Engine
346
10.2 Integrating BRFplus Applications in SAP Business Workflow
347
10.2.1 BRFplus Application Overview
348
10.2.2 Attach a BRFplus Function in a Business Workflow
348
10.2.3 Executing the Workflow
352
10.3 Summary
356
11 Integrating Workflows with User Interface Applications and External Applications
357
11.1 My Inbox App Overview
357
11.2 Workflow Task Integration with User Interface Applications
359
11.2.1 Set Up a Scenario-Specific My Inbox Tile
359
11.2.2 Create and Maintain User Attributes: Adding Additional Attributes for a Task
365
11.2.3 Launching SAPUI5 Applications from Workflow Tasks
368
11.2.4 Launching Web Dynpro Applications from Workflow Tasks
371
11.3 Email Templates in SAP S/4HANA
373
11.4 Integrating External Applications with SAP Business Workflow
373
11.5 Summary
374
12 Migrating SAP ERP Workflows to SAP S/4HANA
375
12.1 Migration Options from SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA
376
12.2 Conversion Projects (Brownfield)
378
12.2.1 Handling System Upgrades for Standard and Custom Workflows
378
12.2.2 Migrating Your SAP ERP Workflows to SAP S/4HANA
381
12.3 New Implementation Projects (Greenfield) and Selective Data Transition
384
12.3.1 Selective Data Transition Overview
384
12.3.2 Managing the Technical Migration of In-Process Workflows
386
12.3.3 Migrating User Data and SAP Office Settings from SAP ERP to SAP S/4HANA
387
12.4 Summary
389
13 Workflow in SAP Master Data Governance
391
13.1 Introduction to SAP Master Data Governance
392
13.1.1 Data Models in Central Governance
393
13.1.2 Change Request in Central Governance
394
13.1.3 Business Object BUS2250
397
13.1.4 Standard Dialog Tasks Used in Workflow Templates
399
13.1.5 Standard Dialog Tasks
401
13.1.6 Standard Background Tasks
402
13.1.7 Agent Determination
403
13.1.8 Workflow Container Used by Workflow Templates
405
13.1.9 Workflow Log for Change Requests
406
13.1.10 Rule-Based Workflow Template
407
13.1.11 SAP Master Data Governance, Consolidation and Mass Processing
418
13.2 Business Partner Workflows
419
13.2.1 Business Partner Data Model and Approach
419
13.2.2 Change Requests for Business Partner Master Data
421
13.2.3 Workflow Templates Used in Business Partner Change Requests
422
13.3 Finance Workflows
431
13.3.1 Finance Data Model
432
13.3.2 Change Request Types in the Finance Data Model
433
13.3.3 Workflow Templates Used in Finance Change Requests
433
13.4 Material Workflows
436
13.5 Summary
437
Part II Flexible Workflow in SAP S/4HANA
439
14 Introduction to Flexible Workflow
441
14.1 Authorizations and SAP Fiori Applications Required for Development
442
14.2 Flexible Workflow Scenarios
443
14.2.1 Standard Flexible Scenarios
444
14.2.2 Custom Flexible Scenarios
444
14.2.3 Comparing Flexible and Classical Workflows
444
14.2.4 Choosing Between Classical and Flexible Workflows
445
14.3 Migrating to Flexible Workflows
446
14.4 Setting Up a Standard Flexible Workflow Scenario
447
14.4.1 Finding Standard Workflows on SAP Help
447
14.4.2 Finding Workflows in Scenario Editor and the Manage Workflows App
448
14.4.3 Activating the Scenario
449
14.4.4 Setting Up a Standard Scenario Using the Manage Workflows App
454
14.5 Extending the Standard Flexible Scenario
460
14.6 Summary
461
15 Custom Scenario Development
463
15.1 Workflow Class Development
463
15.1.1 Use Case for Walkthrough of Custom Scenario
464
15.1.2 Classes
465
15.1.3 Interfaces
466
15.1.4 Attributes
466
15.1.5 Events
467
15.1.6 Standard Methods
468
15.2 Business Objects
470
15.2.1 Maintain Business Object Type (V_BO_TYPE)
471
15.2.2 Maintain Object Node Type (SBO_V_NODETYPE)
472
15.2.3 Maintain Core Data Services View (V_SBO_NODE_CDS)
472
15.2.4 Maintain Object Representation
473
15.3 Scenario Development
473
15.3.1 Context Element
474
15.3.2 Process Data
475
15.3.3 Control
477
15.3.4 Activities
478
15.3.5 Conditions
481
15.3.6 Agent Rules
483
15.3.7 Value Helps
485
15.3.8 Email Templates
487
15.4 Create a Workflow Template Using the Manage Workflows App
490
15.5 Initiating the Custom Flexible Workflow
497
15.6 My Inbox Integration
498
15.6.1 Define Step Names and Decision Options
498
15.6.2 Define Visualization Metadata for My Inbox
499
15.6.3 My Inbox for Custom Scenario Walkthrough
499
15.7 Troubleshooting
501
15.8 Summary
504
16 SAP Fiori Applications for Flexible Workflow
505
16.1 Adaptation Transport Organizer Setup
505
16.2 Maintain Email Templates App
507
16.3 Notification Features
510
16.4 Manage Teams and Responsibilities App
514
16.5 Transporting Extensions
515
16.5.1 Configure Software Packages
516
16.5.2 Register Extensions for Transport
518
16.5.3 Transporting Workflow Scenario Content
519
16.6 Summary
520
Part III Workflows with SAP Business Technology Platform
521
17 Introduction to SAP Build Process Automation
523
17.1 Overview
523
17.2 Typical Use Cases for SAP S/4HANA
524
17.3 System and Service Requirements
525
17.4 Setting Up the Required Services
526
17.5 Working with the Workflow Cockpit
532
17.6 Security
535
17.6.1 Process Automation Admin
535
17.6.2 Process Automation Developer
535
17.6.3 Process Automation Participants
536
17.7 Troubleshooting
536
17.8 Summary
537
18 Process Development
539
18.1 Workflow Design Techniques
540
18.2 Creating a Workflow Using SAP Business Application Studio
541
18.2.1 Create a Workflow Module
542
18.2.2 Tasks in Workflows
546
18.2.3 Using Gateways
559
18.2.4 Events
562
18.3 Creating a Workflow Using Process Builder
567
18.3.1 Using Process Builder
568
18.3.2 Using Triggers
574
18.3.3 Using Forms
574
18.3.4 Using Approval Forms
576
18.3.5 Using Automation Tasks
577
18.3.6 Using Decisions
578
18.3.7 Using Subprocesses
584
18.3.8 Using Actions
585
18.3.9 Using Mail
590
18.3.10 Using Controls
592
18.4 Building and Deploying the Project
595
18.4.1 Release
595
18.4.2 Deploy
596
18.4.3 Run
597
18.5 Destination Configuration with Authentication
598
18.5.1 Destination Setup
599
18.5.2 Authentication
602
18.6 Transport Management
602
18.7 Using APIs for SAP Build Process Automation
605
18.7.1 Application Programming Interfaces for Workflow
605
18.7.2 Application Programming Interfaces for Decisions
606
18.7.3 Application Programming Interfaces for My Inbox
607
18.8 Design a Process/Workflow for the Use Case
607
18.8.1 Use Case and Solution
607
18.8.2 Design Using Process Builder
609
18.8.3 Design Using SAP Business Application Studio
626
18.9 Summary
634
19 Process Visibility
635
19.1 Configuring Process Visibility
636
19.1.1 Roles
637
19.1.2 Process Preparation
638
19.1.3 Create Visibility Scenario
640
19.1.4 Configure Visibility Scenario
641
19.1.5 Add Process to the Visibility Scenario
641
19.1.6 Configure Phases
643
19.1.7 Configure Status
644
19.1.8 Configure Performance Indicators
647
19.1.9 Release the Project
648
19.1.10 Deploy the Project
650
19.2 Testing the Process Visibility Scenario
652
19.3 Process Monitoring and Real-Time Insights
653
19.4 Add Workflow Actions to the Dashboard
654
19.5 Using Application Programming Interfaces for Process Visibility
660
19.6 Summary
662
20 Task Processing with My Inbox
663
20.1 My Inbox for SAP Business Technology Platform
664
20.1.1 Standard App in SAP Build Process Automation
664
20.1.2 Configure My Inbox in SAP Build Work Zone
665
20.2 SAP Task Center
670
20.3 Summary
673
The Authors
675
Index
679