Preface

17

How This Book is Organized

19

Who This Book is For

23

Acknowledgements

24

Introduction

27

Transportation Processes in the Industries

29

Transportation Processes, Movements, and Roles

36

Transportation Management System Functional Areas

47

Transportation in the Digital Age

49

1 SAP Transportation Management Foundation

51

1.1 Standard Software for Transportation

52

1.1.1 Standard Software as a Foundation of Enterprise IT

53

1.1.2 The Move from SAP Business Suite to SAP S/4HANA

54

1.2 SAP S/4HANA as a Future-Proof Platform

57

1.2.1 Features and Concepts of an SAP S/4HANA System

57

1.2.2 SAP NetWeaver for SAP S/4HANA

61

1.2.3 SAP Leonardo

66

1.2.4 On-Premise and Cloud Deployment

68

1.3 SAP TM as Part of SAP S/4HANA

68

1.3.1 SAP Transportation Management

69

1.3.2 SAP S/4HANA Enterprise Management

78

1.3.3 SAP S/4HANA Products

80

1.3.4 SAP Business Suite–Related Components

83

1.3.5 Functional Overview of SAP TM

85

1.3.6 Mode of Operation of SAP TM

93

1.4 Summary

97

2 Solution Architecture and Technological Concepts

99

2.1 Technological Foundation of SAP TM

100

2.1.1 Storing Data in the Business Object Processing Framework

102

2.1.2 Data Processing with the Business Object Processing Framework

109

2.1.3 Business Add-Ins

114

2.2 User Interface Technologies

115

2.2.1 SAP Fiori Launchpad versus SAP Business Client

116

2.2.2 Floorplan Manager and Floorplan Manager BOPF Integration

120

2.2.3 Defining User-Specific Roles, Catalogs, and Menus

123

2.2.4 Customizing Screen Areas

125

2.3 Frameworks and Tools Used throughout SAP TM

127

2.3.1 Condition Framework Using the Business Rules Framework

128

2.3.2 Incompatibilities

135

2.3.3 Post Processing Framework

139

2.3.4 Document Creation

141

2.3.5 Optimizer

142

2.3.6 Process Controller Framework

143

2.4 Integration Technology with SAP TM

144

2.4.1 SOA-Based Integration with SAP Process Integration

145

2.4.2 Integration with SAP Process Integration without Predefined Content

152

2.4.3 Monitoring Integration Messages with Service Interfaces

155

2.4.4 Remote Function Call–Based Communication

157

2.5 Summary

158

3 Master Data

159

3.1 General Master Data

160

3.1.1 Organizational Structure

160

3.1.2 Business Partner

168

3.1.3 Materials

175

3.1.4 Dangerous Goods

178

3.1.5 Master Data Creation and Integration

184

3.2 Transportation Network

195

3.2.1 Locations

196

3.2.2 Transportation Zones

201

3.2.3 Transportation Lanes

205

3.2.4 Schedules

212

3.2.5 Transshipment Locations

227

3.2.6 Default Routes

231

3.2.7 Trade Lanes

236

3.2.8 Transportation Network Cockpit and Overview Personal Object Worklist

238

3.2.9 Integration of Geographical Information Systems

242

3.3 Resources

246

3.3.1 Mode and Means of Transport

247

3.3.2 Equipment Groups and Types

251

3.3.3 Vehicle Resources

253

3.3.4 Transportation Unit Resources

262

3.3.5 Calendar and Handling Resources

263

3.4 Summary

264

4 Transportation Requirements and Order Management

267

4.1 Triggering the Transportation Management Process

269

4.1.1 Sales Order Integration

271

4.1.2 Integration of Materials Management Orders

275

4.1.3 Integration Scenarios

275

4.1.4 Order-Based and Delivery-Based Transportation Requirements

280

4.1.5 Integration of Scheduling Agreements in SAP TM 9.6

291

4.2 Forwarding Orders and Forwarding Quotations

292

4.2.1 Forwarding Order Document

293

4.2.2 Charge Estimation

329

4.2.3 Forwarding Quotations

330

4.2.4 Creating Orders and Quotations with Reference

336

4.3 Summary

340

5 Transportation Capacity Management

343

5.1 Capacity Management

344

5.1.1 Overview

344

5.1.2 Systematically Creating Schedule-Based Freight Documents

350

5.1.3 Schedule Change Management

352

5.2 Allocations

353

5.3 Business Shares

360

5.4 Freight Bookings

363

5.4.1 Ocean Freight Bookings

364

5.4.2 Air Freight Bookings

373

5.5 Summary

378

6 Transportation Planning

379

6.1 Documents and Decisions

380

6.2 Freight Units

385

6.2.1 Freight Unit Definition

385

6.2.2 Properties of Freight Units

387

6.2.3 Creating Freight Units

394

6.3 Package Building

400

6.3.1 Integration into the Planning Process

401

6.3.2 Rule-Based and Detailed Package Building

406

6.3.3 Configuration

409

6.4 Transportation Units

421

6.4.1 Transportation Units versus Freight Units and Freight Documents

422

6.4.2 Trailer Units

423

6.4.3 Railcar Units

427

6.4.4 Container Units

428

6.4.5 Package Units

431

6.5 Planning Strategies, Profiles, and Settings

437

6.5.1 Planning Strategies

437

6.5.2 Profiles and Settings

439

6.6 Manual Planning

447

6.6.1 Transportation Cockpit

448

6.6.2 Page Layouts

458

6.6.3 Hierarchical View and Dual View

469

6.6.4 Map

476

6.6.5 Gantt Chart

485

6.6.6 Load Plan

500

6.6.7 Selection Criteria and Profile and Layout Sets

508

6.6.8 Working in the Transportation Cockpit

512

6.6.9 Transportation Proposal

525

6.6.10 Scheduling

531

6.7 Automated Planning

534

6.7.1 Background Planning and Vehicle Scheduling and Routing

534

6.7.2 Configuring Optimizer Settings

537

6.7.3 Vehicle Scheduling and Routing: Planning Objectives

543

6.7.4 Vehicle Scheduling and Routing: Planning Constraints

549

6.7.5 Vehicle Scheduling and Routing: Optimization Algorithm

562

6.7.6 Explanation Tool

564

6.7.7 Load Consolidation

567

6.7.8 Load Planning

568

6.8 Summary

572

7 Carrier Selection and Subcontracting

575

7.1 Carrier Selection

576

7.1.1 Process

576

7.1.2 Objective of the Carrier Selection Optimizer

580

7.1.3 Constraints

585

7.1.4 Configuration

591

7.2 Freight Order Management

594

7.2.1 Configuration and User Interface

595

7.2.2 Freight Order Items

607

7.2.3 Special Processes with Freight Orders

608

7.2.4 Service Orders

613

7.3 Freight Tendering

614

7.3.1 Configuration

616

7.3.2 Tendering Process

620

7.3.3 Freight Tendering with SAP Logistics Business Network

621

7.4 Summary

625

8 Transportation Execution and Monitoring

627

8.1 Transportation Execution

628

8.1.1 Document Creation

629

8.1.2 Discrepancies

638

8.1.3 Export/Import Processing

641

8.1.4 Statuses of Execution Documents

651

8.2 SAP Event Management

660

8.2.1 Event Handlers and Event Messages

662

8.2.2 Event Management Process

667

8.2.3 SAP Event Management Setup and Configuration

671

8.2.4 Event Messages and Event Processing

684

8.2.5 End-User Interaction, Lists, and Background Processing

687

8.2.6 Integrating SAP Event Management with Other Components

689

8.3 SAP Global Track and Trace

692

8.4 Summary

699

9 Transportation Compliance

701

9.1 SAP Global Trade Services

703

9.1.1 Functional Overview

704

9.1.2 Integration of SAP GTS and SAP TM

706

9.1.3 Export Compliance for Sanctioned Party Screening and Embargo Checks

708

9.1.4 Export Customs Services

711

9.1.5 Import Customs Services

713

9.2 SAP S/4HANA for Product Compliance

716

9.2.1 Dangerous Goods Regulations

717

9.2.2 Dangerous Goods Classification

718

9.2.3 Requirements for Dangerous Goods Checks in Transportation

719

9.2.4 Configuration of Dangerous Goods Checks for SAP TM

721

9.2.5 Dangerous Goods Content Loader

724

9.2.6 SAP TM Application-Level Setup for Dangerous Goods Support

725

9.2.7 Dangerous Goods Data and Checks in SAP TM

726

9.3 External Compliance Service Providers

728

9.4 Summary

730

10 Transportation Charge Management

731

10.1 Charge Calculation Master Data and Customizing

733

10.1.1 Freight Agreements

735

10.1.2 Calculation Sheet

738

10.1.3 Charge Type

744

10.1.4 Rate Table

746

10.1.5 Scale

753

10.2 Contract Determination

755

10.2.1 Contract Determination Logic

756

10.2.2 Configuration of Contract Determination

759

10.3 Charge Calculation Logic

764

10.3.1 Basics

764

10.3.2 Mode-Specific Calculation for Road and Rail Freight

770

10.3.3 Event-Based Charges

774

10.3.4 Charge Calculation Analysis and Charge Estimation

776

10.4 Strategic Vendor Contract Management

780

10.4.1 Strategic Freight Procurement

781

10.4.2 Freight Procurement Planning and Analytics in SAP TM 9.6

783

10.4.3 Freight Agreement Request for Quotation Process

786

10.5 Summary

795

11 Charge Settlement

797

11.1 Charge Settlement and Billing

798

11.1.1 Creating Freight Settlement Documents

799

11.1.2 Structure of Freight Settlement Documents

801

11.1.3 Integrating Freight Settlement Documents with Materials Management

803

11.1.4 Carrier Self-Billing and Dispute Management

811

11.1.5 Credit Memos for Freight Orders

813

11.2 Cost Distribution

814

11.3 Summary

817

12 Charge Calculation and Settlement for Logistics Service Providers

819

12.1 Charge Calculation Master Data

820

12.1.1 Forwarding Agreements

820

12.1.2 Internal Agreements

825

12.1.3 Service Products and Standard Operating Procedures

826

12.2 Charge Calculation Logic

831

12.2.1 Charge Calculation for Air Freight

832

12.2.2 Charge Calculation with Freight Forwarders

837

12.2.3 Charge Calculation for Container Management

840

12.3 Billing and Settlement

842

12.3.1 Creating Forwarding Settlement Documents

843

12.3.2 Structure of Forwarding Settlement Documents

851

12.3.3 Integrating Forwarding Settlement Documents with SD in SAP S/4HANA

855

12.3.4 Business Scenarios in the Forwarding Settlement Process

863

12.3.5 Internal Settlement

868

12.3.6 Profitability Analysis

878

12.4 Settlement with SAP Billing and Revenue Innovation Management

880

12.5 Strategic Customer Contract Management

885

12.5.1 Constraints, Expectations, and Activities in Customer RFQ Management

886

12.5.2 The RFQ Management Process

887

12.5.3 Strategic Freight Selling Functions

889

12.6 Summary

895

13 Integration with Other Components

897

13.1 Analytics

899

13.1.1 Business Intelligence Content

900

13.1.2 Data Provisioning and Operational Reporting

908

13.1.3 Embedded Analytics with SAP S/4HANA

915

13.2 Integration with SAP EWM

921

13.2.1 Introduction to SAP EWM

922

13.2.2 SAP EWM for Delivery-Based Execution

924

13.2.3 Integration with SAP EWM for Transit Warehouses

944

13.2.4 Warehouse Billing

957

13.3 SAP Transportation Resource Planning

961

13.3.1 Integration Overview

962

13.3.2 Features

965

13.3.3 Views

967

13.3.4 Deployment

971

13.4 SAP Yard Logistics

972

13.4.1 Business Processes

974

13.4.2 Features

975

13.4.3 User Interface

975

13.4.4 Yard Logistics Objects

978

13.4.5 Mobile Options

980

13.4.6 Integration Capabilities

981

13.5 SAP Logistics Business Network

981

13.6 Blockchain in Logistics

986

13.7 SAP Customer Relationship Management

989

13.8 Summary

994

14 Implementation Best Practices

995

14.1 Large Transportation Management System Installations

996

14.2 Customer Onboarding in SAP TM Installations

998

14.3 Use of Central Control Elements in SAP TM Setup

999

14.3.1 Define Means of Transport

1001

14.3.2 Structure Equipment Types and Groups

1002

14.3.3 Balance Freight Unit Complexity

1002

14.3.4 Structure Charging Rules and Rates

1003

14.3.5 Other Planning Configuration Settings

1004

14.3.6 Structure and Name Your Data Well

1005

14.4 Optimize the Sequence of SAP TM Configuration

1005

14.5 SAP TM Scenario Builder

1008

14.6 Moving SAP TM from the SAP Business Suite to an SAP S/4HANA System

1011

14.7 Consider SAP TM’s Strengths and Limitations

1013

14.8 Enhance SAP TM via SAP Innovative Business Solutions

1015

14.9 Summary

1015