Table of Contents

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Preface
17
How This Book Is Organized
19
Target Audience
23
Acknowledgments
23
Introduction
25
Transportation as Part of Industry Processes
27
Transportation Processes, Movements, and Roles
34
Transportation Management System Functional Areas
43
Transportation in the Digital Age
45
1 Transportation Management Foundation
47
1.1 Standard Software for Transportation
48
1.1.1 Standard Software as a Foundation of Enterprise IT
49
1.1.2 The Move from SAP Business Suite to SAP S/4HANA
50
1.2 SAP S/4HANA as a Future-Proof Platform
52
1.2.1 Features and Concepts of an SAP S/4HANA System
53
1.2.2 SAP S/4HANA and Basis Support
56
1.2.3 On-Premise and Cloud Deployment
61
1.2.4 TM Deployment and Integration Options
66
1.3 RISE with SAP and Its Components
67
1.3.1 SAP Business Technology Platform
68
1.3.2 Business Process Transformation
70
1.3.3 SAP Business Network Applications
70
1.4 TM as Part of SAP S/4HANA
71
1.4.1 SAP Transportation Management
72
1.4.2 SAP S/4HANA Enterprise Management
80
1.4.3 SAP S/4HANA Products
83
1.4.4 SAP Business Network Global Track and Trace
86
1.4.5 SAP Business Network for Logistics
86
1.4.6 Components for SAP Business Suite
87
1.4.7 Functional Overview of TM
88
1.4.8 TM Operations Example
96
1.5 Summary
99
2 Solution Architecture and Technological Concepts
101
2.1 Technological Foundation of TM
102
2.1.1 Storing Data in the Business Object Processing Framework
103
2.1.2 Data Processing with the Business Object Processing Framework
110
2.1.3 Business Add-Ins
114
2.2 User Interface Technologies
116
2.2.1 SAP Fiori Launchpad
116
2.2.2 Floorplan Manager and Floorplan Manager BOPF Integration
117
2.2.3 Defining User-Specific Roles, Catalogs, and Menus
120
2.2.4 Customizing Screen Areas
122
2.3 Frameworks and Tools Used throughout TM
123
2.3.1 Condition Framework Using the Business Rules Framework
124
2.3.2 Incompatibilities
130
2.3.3 Post Processing Framework
133
2.3.4 Document Creation
136
2.3.5 Optimizer
136
2.3.6 Process Controller Framework
137
2.3.7 bgRFC Trigger
139
2.4 Integration Technology with TM
141
2.4.1 SOA-Based Integration with SAP Process Integration
142
2.4.2 Integration with SAP Process Integration without Predefined Content
149
2.4.3 TOR Generic Interface
151
2.4.4 RFC-Based Communication
152
2.5 Summary
152
3 Master Data
153
3.1 General Master Data
154
3.1.1 Organizational Structure
154
3.1.2 Business Partner
161
3.1.3 Materials
168
3.1.4 Dangerous Goods
170
3.1.5 Master Data Creation and Integration
177
3.2 Transportation Network
187
3.2.1 Locations
188
3.2.2 Transportation Zones
192
3.2.3 Transportation Lanes
195
3.2.4 Schedules
201
3.2.5 Transshipment Locations
215
3.2.6 Default Routes
219
3.2.7 Trade Lanes
223
3.2.8 Transportation Network Cockpit and Worklist
225
3.2.9 Integration of Geographical Services
228
3.3 Equipment Types and Resources
235
3.3.1 Mode and Means of Transport
236
3.3.2 Equipment Types and Groups
240
3.3.3 Vehicle Types and Resources
242
3.3.4 Container Types and Resources
252
3.3.5 Calendar and Handling Resources
254
3.4 Summary
256
4 Transportation Requirements and Order Management
257
4.1 Triggering the Transportation Management Process
259
4.1.1 Sales Order Integration
261
4.1.2 Integration of Materials Management Orders
264
4.1.3 Integration Scenarios
265
4.1.4 Order-Based and Delivery-Based Transportation Requirements
270
4.1.5 Integration of Scheduling Agreements
280
4.2 Forwarding Orders and Forwarding Quotations
281
4.2.1 Forwarding Order Document
282
4.2.2 Charge Estimation
312
4.2.3 Forwarding Quotations
314
4.2.4 Creating Orders and Quotations with Reference
318
4.3 Summary
322
5 Transportation Planning
325
5.1 Documents and Decisions
326
5.2 Freight Units
331
5.2.1 Freight Unit Definition
331
5.2.2 Properties of Freight Units
333
5.2.3 Creating Freight Units
341
5.3 Unified Package Building
346
5.3.1 Overview
347
5.3.2 Integration into the Planning Process
351
5.3.3 Packing Instructions
357
5.3.4 Packaging Specification
359
5.3.5 Package Building
361
5.4 Transportation Units
378
5.4.1 Transportation Units versus Freight Units, Freight Documents, and Consignment Orders
379
5.4.2 Trailer Units
381
5.4.3 Railcar Units
384
5.4.4 Container Units
385
5.4.5 Package Units
387
5.5 Normalized Quantities
395
5.5.1 Normalized Quantity and Additional Normalized Quantity
396
5.5.2 Normalized Quantity per Product and Unit of Measure
398
5.5.3 Planning with Normalized Quantities
403
5.6 Planning Strategies, Profiles, and Settings
403
5.6.1 Planning Strategies
403
5.6.2 Profiles and Settings
404
5.7 Manual Planning
412
5.7.1 Transportation Cockpit
413
5.7.2 Page Layouts
422
5.7.3 Hierarchical View and Dual View
432
5.7.4 Map
439
5.7.5 Gantt Chart
448
5.7.6 Load Plan
462
5.7.7 Selection Criteria and Profile and Layout Sets
471
5.7.8 Working in the Transportation Cockpit
475
5.7.9 Transportation Proposal
490
5.7.10 Scheduling
495
5.8 Automated Planning
499
5.8.1 Background Planning and Vehicle Scheduling and Routing
500
5.8.2 Configuring Optimizer Settings
503
5.8.3 Vehicle Scheduling and Routing: Planning Objectives
509
5.8.4 Vehicle Scheduling and Routing: Planning Constraints
514
5.8.5 Vehicle Scheduling and Routing: Optimization Algorithm
528
5.8.6 Explanation Tool
530
5.8.7 Load Consolidation
532
5.8.8 Load Planning
536
5.9 Integration to an External Transportation Management System
539
5.10 Summary
542
6 Freight Order Management and Subcontracting
545
6.1 Freight Orders
547
6.1.1 Configuration and User Interface
547
6.1.2 Freight Order Items
563
6.1.3 Special Processes with Freight Orders
565
6.1.4 Service Orders
569
6.2 Freight Bookings
570
6.2.1 Ocean Freight Bookings
572
6.2.2 Air Freight Bookings
582
6.3 Consignment Orders
586
6.3.1 Process and Creation
588
6.3.2 Configuration and User Interface
591
6.4 Capacity Management
595
6.4.1 Process
596
6.4.2 Systematically Creating Schedule-Based Freight Documents
601
6.4.3 Schedule Change Management
602
6.4.4 Allocations
603
6.4.5 Business Shares
609
6.5 Carrier Selection
611
6.5.1 Process
611
6.5.2 Objective of the Carrier Selection Optimizer
615
6.5.3 Constraints
619
6.5.4 Configuration
624
6.6 Freight Tendering
628
6.6.1 Configuration
629
6.6.2 Tendering Process
633
6.6.3 Freight Tendering with SAP Business Network for Logistics
634
6.7 Summary
639
7 Transportation Execution and Monitoring
641
7.1 Transportation Execution
642
7.1.1 Document Creation
643
7.1.2 Discrepancies
651
7.1.3 Export/Import Processing
654
7.1.4 Statuses of Execution Documents
661
7.2 SAP Event Management
668
7.2.1 Event Handlers and Event Messages
671
7.2.2 Event Management Process
676
7.2.3 Setup and Configuration
679
7.2.4 Event Messages and Event Processing
690
7.2.5 End User Interaction, Lists, and Background Processing
693
7.2.6 Integrating SAP Event Management with Other Components
695
7.3 SAP Business Network Global Track and Trace
697
7.3.1 Architecture and Features
697
7.3.2 Integration Scenarios
701
7.4 Summary
706
8 Transportation Compliance
709
8.1 SAP Global Trade Services
711
8.1.1 Functional Overview
712
8.1.2 International Trade
714
8.1.3 Integration of SAP GTS and TM
715
8.1.4 Export Compliance for Sanctioned Party Screening and Embargo Checks
718
8.1.5 Export Customs Services
720
8.1.6 Import Customs Services
722
8.2 External Compliance Service Providers
724
8.3 Dangerous Goods
727
8.3.1 Dangerous Goods Regulations
727
8.3.2 Dangerous Goods Classification
728
8.3.3 Requirements for Dangerous Goods Checks in Transportation
729
8.3.4 Dangerous Goods Checks Configuration for TM
731
8.3.5 Dangerous Goods Content Loader
734
8.3.6 TM Application-Level Setup for Dangerous Goods Support
735
8.3.7 Dangerous Goods Data and Checks in TM
736
8.4 Summary
737
9 Transportation Charge Management
739
9.1 Charge Calculation Master Data and Customizing
741
9.1.1 Freight Agreements
742
9.1.2 Calculation Sheet
746
9.1.3 Charge Type
752
9.1.4 Rate Table
753
9.1.5 Scale
759
9.2 Contract Determination
761
9.2.1 Contract Determination Logic
762
9.2.2 Configuration of Contract Determination
765
9.3 Charge Calculation Logic
769
9.3.1 Basics
769
9.3.2 Mode-Specific Calculation for Road and Rail Freight
775
9.3.3 Event-Based Charges
778
9.3.4 Charge Calculation Analysis and Charge Estimation
780
9.4 Strategic Freight Procurement
783
9.4.1 Functional Overview
784
9.4.2 Freight Agreement RFQ Process
786
9.5 Summary
793
10 Charge Settlement
795
10.1 Charge Settlement and Billing
796
10.1.1 Creating Freight Settlement Documents
797
10.1.2 Structure of Freight Settlement Documents
799
10.1.3 Integrating Freight Settlement Documents with Materials Management
801
10.1.4 Collaboration Portal Access
809
10.1.5 Dispute Management
810
10.1.6 Credit Memos for Freight Orders
810
10.2 Cost Distribution
812
10.3 Summary
815
11 Charge Calculation and Settlement for Logistics Service Providers
817
11.1 Charge Calculation Master Data
817
11.1.1 Forwarding Agreements
818
11.1.2 Internal Agreements
822
11.1.3 Service Products and Standard Operating Procedures
823
11.2 Charge Calculation Logic
827
11.2.1 Charge Calculation for Air Freight
828
11.2.2 Charge Calculation with Freight Forwarders
832
11.2.3 Charge Calculation for Container Management
835
11.3 Billing and Settlement
836
11.3.1 Creating Forwarding Settlement Documents
837
11.3.2 Structure of Forwarding Settlement Documents
844
11.3.3 Integrating Forwarding Settlement Documents with Sales and Distribution in SAP S/4HANA
847
11.3.4 Business Scenarios in the Forwarding Settlement Process
855
11.3.5 Internal Settlement
859
11.3.6 Margin Analysis
867
11.4 Increased Flexibility in Billing and Invoice Verification
868
11.5 Strategic Customer Contract Management
874
11.5.1 Constraints, Expectations, and Activities in Customer RFQ Management
874
11.5.2 RFQ Management Process
875
11.5.3 Strategic Freight Selling Functions
877
11.6 Summary
881
12 Integration with Other Components
883
12.1 Analytics
884
12.1.1 Embedded Analytics with SAP S/4HANA
885
12.1.2 Analytics Base Layer
889
12.1.3 Transportation Scenarios in SAP Analytics Cloud
892
12.1.4 Transportation Management in SAP Business Warehouse
897
12.1.5 Transportation Management in SAP BW/4HANA
901
12.2 Integration with Extended Warehouse Management
902
12.2.1 Introduction to EWM
903
12.2.2 Execution Based on Deliveries and Transportation Units
905
12.2.3 Integration with EWM for Transit Warehouses
920
12.2.4 Warehouse Billing
931
12.3 Advanced Shipping and Receiving
933
12.3.1 Simplifications
934
12.3.2 Warehouse-Driven Execution
936
12.3.3 Transportation-Driven Execution
945
12.3.4 Customs Integration
946
12.3.5 Returns Handling
947
12.4 SAP Transportation Resource Planning
948
12.4.1 Integration Overview
948
12.4.2 Features
951
12.4.3 User Interface
952
12.5 SAP Yard Logistics
955
12.5.1 Integration Overview
957
12.5.2 Features
958
12.5.3 User Interface
960
12.5.4 Mobile Scenarios
962
12.5.5 Integration with Other Systems and Devices
963
12.6 SAP Business Network for Logistics
964
12.6.1 SAP Business Network Freight Collaboration
966
12.6.2 Further Solution Capabilities
980
12.7 SAP Direct Distribution
984
12.8 Summary
988
13 Migrating to and Running TM in SAP S/4HANA
991
13.1 Moving SAP TM from SAP Business Suite to SAP S/4HANA
992
13.2 Large and Performance-Critical TM Installations
999
13.2.1 Use Case for Large Installations
999
13.2.2 General Performance Considerations
1001
13.2.3 Example of System Enhancement
1004
13.3 System Monitoring
1008
13.3.1 Web Services
1010
13.3.2 Document Error Handling
1014
13.3.3 Optimizer Logs
1015
13.3.4 Dump Analysis
1015
13.3.5 Application Log
1016
13.3.6 bgRFC Trigger
1017
13.4 Manage Data Volume
1019
13.4.1 Data Avoidance
1020
13.4.2 Data Deletion
1021
13.4.3 Data Archiving
1022
13.5 Summary
1024
14 Implementation Best Practices
1025
14.1 Use of Central Control Elements in TM Setup
1026
14.1.1 Define Means of Transport
1027
14.1.2 Structure Equipment Types and Groups
1028
14.1.3 Balance Freight Unit Complexity
1028
14.1.4 Structure Charging Rules and Rates
1030
14.1.5 Other Planning Configuration Settings
1030
14.1.6 Structure and Name Your Data Well
1031
14.2 Optimize the Sequence of TM Configuration
1031
14.3 Scenario Builder
1034
14.4 Consider TM’s Strengths and Limitations
1036
14.5 Risks and Change Processes with TM Projects
1038
14.6 Customer Onboarding in TM Installations for LSPs
1043
14.7 Enhancements for TM
1044
14.8 Summary
1045
15 Summary and Outlook
1047
A Abbreviations
1055
B The Authors
1065
Index
1067