Preface

19

Structure of the Book

19

Acknowledgments

23

1 SAP Cloud Platform: Digital Transformation and Innovation

27

1.1 Digital Enterprise: What and Why of Digital Transformation

27

1.1.1 What Is Digital Transformation?

29

1.1.2 Path to Digital Transformation

30

1.2 The Role of the Cloud in Digital Transformation

31

1.2.1 Cloud Variants

32

1.2.2 How Cloud Supports Digital Transformation

32

1.2.3 Key Considerations

34

1.3 Cloud-Native Applications: The New Paradigm

36

1.3.1 What Are Cloud-Native Applications?

37

1.3.2 Microservice Architecture

37

1.3.3 Container Architecture

38

1.4 Characteristics of Cloud Platforms and Applications

40

1.4.1 Characteristics of Cloud Platforms

41

1.4.2 Development in SAP Cloud Platform

43

1.4.3 Agility in SAP Cloud Platform

44

1.5 Hybrid Systems

45

1.5.1 Multicloud Environments

45

1.5.2 Multitechnology

46

1.6 Summary

46

2 Cloud Foundry and the Neo Environment

47

2.1 Introduction to the Neo Environment

47

2.2 Introduction to Cloud Foundry

48

2.2.1 Characteristics of Cloud Foundry

50

2.2.2 How SAP Cloud Platform Has Adopted Cloud Foundry

52

2.3 Cloud Foundry Services Offered by SAP Cloud Platform

52

2.4 Deployment Based on Development Environment

53

2.4.1 Deployment for the Neo Environment

53

2.4.2 Deployment for the Cloud Foundry Environment

55

2.5 Use Cases Based on Development Environment

57

2.5.1 Application Development with the Neo Environment Use Cases

57

2.5.2 Application Development with the Cloud Foundry Environment Use Cases

58

2.6 Summary

58

3 Microservices

61

3.1 What Is a Microservice?

61

3.2 How Does SAP Cloud Platform Enable Microservices?

63

3.2.1 Microservice Design Considerations

65

3.2.2 Twelve-Factor App

68

3.3 Finding the Right Microservice

68

3.4 Consuming Microservices

69

3.5 Summary

70

4 Developing Your First Application

73

4.1 Setting Up the Development Environment

73

4.1.1 Creating an Account in SAP Cloud Platform

73

4.1.2 Enabling the Neo and Cloud Foundry Trial Environments

75

4.1.3 Installing the Tools and Software

75

4.1.4 Setting Up Tools and Software

77

4.2 Developing, Deploying, and Testing an Application in the Neo Environment

79

4.2.1 Application Requirements: A Simple Application

79

4.2.2 Required Steps for Development

80

4.2.3 Application Development, Deployment, and Testing

80

4.3 Developing, Deploying, and Testing an Application in the Cloud Foundry Environment

91

4.3.1 Setting Up the Cloud Foundry Server Runtime in Eclipse

92

4.3.2 Deploying and Testing Your Application

94

4.4 Summary

97

5 Backend Application Development

99

5.1 Java Application Development

99

5.1.1 Concept of Multitarget Application Deployment

99

5.1.2 Building a Simple MTA Application with a Java Module

100

5.1.3 New Application Programming Model

103

5.1.4 Steps for Building an Application Using an Application Programming Model

104

5.1.5 Developing an Application Using an Application Programming Model

105

5.2 Python Application Development

115

5.2.1 Why Python?

115

5.2.2 Required Setup

115

5.2.3 Creating a Simple Python Application in SAP Cloud Platform

116

5.2.4 Creating an OData Consumer Application in Python in SAP Cloud Platform

117

5.2.5 Consuming an SAP Cloud Platform Cloud Foundry Service in a Python Application

121

5.2.6 Authorization and Authentication Checks

121

5.3 ABAP in SAP Cloud Platform

121

5.3.1 Benefits of and Use Case for ABAP in SAP Cloud Platform

121

5.3.2 Landscape with ABAP in SAP Cloud Platform

122

5.3.3 ABAP RESTful Programming Model

123

5.3.4 Next Steps

125

5.4 Building Extension Applications for Cloud Solutions

125

5.4.1 Required Setup in the Neo Environment for Extending SAP S/4HANA Cloud

126

5.4.2 Developing a Backend Extension Application for SAP S/4HANA Cloud

127

5.5 Application Development using SAP HANA XS Classic

132

5.5.1 Launching SAP HANA Web-Based Development Workbench

132

5.5.2 Creating Backend Objects using SAP Web IDE

133

5.5.3 Exposing Calculation View as OData Service

137

5.5.4 Consuming OData Service Definition in SAPUI5

140

5.5.5 Testing the Application

142

5.6 Application Development using SAP HANA XS, Advanced Model

143

5.6.1 Configuring in SAP Web IDE

143

5.6.2 Creating a Multi-Target Application (MTA)

145

5.6.3 Creating SAP HANA Database Module

146

5.6.4 Creating Backend Objects

148

5.6.5 Creating a Node.js Module

150

5.6.6 Creating the Application Instance for the JS Application

152

5.7 Migrating Applications from the Neo Environment to Cloud Foundry

153

5.7.1 Preparing XS Classic Artifacts for Migration

154

5.7.2 Preparing the Source System for Migration

154

5.7.3 Steps for Migration of XS Classic to XS Advanced Application

155

5.7.4 Migration Report

158

5.7.5 Deploying the Migrated Application to XS Advanced

160

5.8 Summary

162

6 Frontend Application Development

163

6.1 SAP Fiori Cloud

164

6.1.1 SAP Fiori Cloud Architecture

165

6.1.2 SAP Fiori Cloud Services

166

6.2 SAP Web IDE

167

6.2.1 SAP Web IDE Key Features

168

6.2.2 SAP Web IDE Full Stack Key Features

169

6.2.3 Customizing SAP Fiori Launchpad Using SAP Web IDE Full Stack on SAP Cloud Platform

170

6.3 SAP Build

175

6.3.1 SAP Build Key Features

176

6.3.2 Creating and Sharing a Prototype Using the SAP Build Plugin on SAP Cloud Platform

177

6.4 SAPUI5

186

6.4.1 SAPUI5 Key Features

186

6.4.2 SAPUI5 and Model-View-Controller

187

6.4.3 SAPUI5 Control Libraries

187

6.4.4 Developing an SAPUI5 Application Using SAP Web IDE Full Stack Layout Editor and Storyboard on SAP Cloud Platform

188

6.5 Summary

196

7 Application Lifecycle Management

199

7.1 Git and Its Terminology

199

7.2 Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery

201

7.2.1 Continuous Integration Best Practices for Java Web Landscapes

203

7.2.2 Continuous Integration Best Practices for SAP HANA XS Landscape

203

7.2.3 Continuous Integration Best Practices for SAP HANA Extended Application Services, Advanced Model, Landscape

204

7.2.4 Continuous Integration Best Practices for SAP Fiori or SAPUI5 on SAP Cloud Platform Landscape

205

7.2.5 Continuous Integration Best Practice for SAP Fiori or SAPUI5 on an ABAP Frontend Server Landscape

205

7.2.6 Jenkins Pipeline: SAP Fiori for SAP Cloud Platform Landscape

206

7.2.7 SAP Cloud Platform Continuous Delivery Service: SAP Fiori Landscape

206

7.3 Continuous Integration Setup Using Travis CI

207

7.4 Solution Export Wizard

213

7.5 Transportation Management Service in Cloud Foundry

214

7.6 Using CTS+ in SAP Cloud Platform

214

7.7 Summary

215

8 Application Security

217

8.1 SAP Cloud Platform Authentication Options

217

8.1.1 Identity Authentication Service

218

8.1.2 Tenant

218

8.1.3 Integration between SAP Cloud Platform and Identity Providers: Trust Settings

218

8.1.4 Solution Overview for User Authentication via SAP Cloud Platform User Store

219

8.1.5 Solution Overview for User Authentication Using Corporate User Store

220

8.1.6 Solution Overview for User Authentication Using a Bring Your Own Identity Provider Scenario

221

8.2 SAP Cloud Platform Single Sign-On

223

8.2.1 Application-to-Application Single Sign-On

223

8.2.2 SAP Assertion SSO

223

8.2.3 Principal Propagation

224

8.3 Access Management in the Cloud Foundry Environment

225

8.3.1 User Account and Authentication Service

226

8.3.2 Web Access

226

8.4 Authorizations for Applications on SAP Cloud Platform in the Cloud Foundry Environment

228

8.4.1 Access Control

229

8.4.2 Security Artifacts for Authorizations

229

8.4.3 Authorization Enforcement

230

8.4.4 Scopes, Role Templates, and Attributes

230

8.5 Web Security for XSA Applications

231

8.5.1 Cross-Origin Resource Sharing

231

8.5.2 Cross-Site Request Forgery

232

8.5.3 Clickjacking

232

8.5.4 Cross-Site Scripting

233

8.5.5 Timeouts for Application User Sessions

233

8.5.6 Securing Node.js Applications

233

8.5.7 Java Application Security

233

8.6 Summary

234

9 Application Monitoring

235

9.1 Monitoring Java Applications

235

9.2 Monitoring Database Systems

239

9.3 Monitoring Cloud Foundry Applications

241

9.3.1 Activating the Application Log

242

9.3.2 Visualizing the Application Log

242

9.4 Monitoring APIs

244

9.4.1 REST APIs for Java Applications in Neo

244

9.4.2 REST APIs for Database Systems and SAP HANA XS

247

9.5 Summary

247

10 DevOps Implementation

249

10.1 DevOps Fundamentals

250

10.1.1 The Core Tenets of DevOps

250

10.1.2 DevOps Inner Circles

254

10.1.3 Implementing Tooling for DevOps

255

10.1.4 Benefits of DevOps

265

10.1.5 DevOps Tools Available in SAP Cloud Platform

266

10.2 DevOps for Hybrid Architectures

267

10.3 Summary

270

11 SAP Leonardo

273

11.1 Design Thinking

274

11.1.1 SAP Leonardo and Design Thinking

274

11.1.2 SAP Build and Design Thinking

275

11.2 Internet of Things

277

11.3 Blockchain

280

11.3.1 SAP Leonardo and Blockchain

281

11.3.2 Blockchain Node Creation

282

11.3.3 Blockchain Application Enablement

282

11.3.4 SAP HANA Integration Service

282

11.4 Machine Learning

284

11.5 Analytics

286

11.5.1 Live Query against SAP Data

287

11.5.2 Data Acquisition or Import Connection

287

11.5.3 Other Features of SAP Analytics Cloud

288

11.6 Big Data

289

11.6.1 Hadoop

289

11.6.2 SAP Leonardo and Big Data

290

11.7 Data Intelligence

291

11.8 Summary

292

12 Internet of Things Service

295

12.1 Architecture

298

12.2 SAP Leonardo IoT Service Cockpit

299

12.3 Core Service APIs

300

12.4 SAP IoT Application Enablement

302

12.4.1 The Thing Model

303

12.4.2 Freestyle IoT Application Development

304

12.5 Developing IoT Solutions with SAP Leonardo

305

12.5.1 Device Onboarding

306

12.5.2 Posting Data to the SAP Leonardo IoT Service Cockpit

313

12.5.3 Creating Digital Twins Using Modeler

316

12.5.4 Prerequisite Configuration: Trust Setup

332

12.5.5 Prerequisite Configuration: Destination Setup

337

12.5.6 Prerequisite Configuration: Enabling Features in SAP Web IDE

342

12.5.7 Creating Freestyle IoT Applications

343

12.5.8 Deployment

359

12.6 Summary

365

13 SAP Leonardo Machine Learning Foundation

367

13.1 SAP Leonardo Machine Learning Foundation Features

369

13.2 SAP Leonardo Machine Learning Foundation Services

370

13.2.1 SAP Leonardo Machine Learning Business Services

370

13.2.2 SAP Leonardo Machine Learning Functional Services

372

13.2.3 SAP Leonardo Machine Learning Functional Services: Retraining

374

13.2.4 SAP API Business Hub

375

13.3 Developing an SAPUI5 Application Using the Scene Text Recognition Machine Learning Service

380

13.3.1 Prerequisites

380

13.3.2 Maintaining the Application Resource Root

389

13.3.3 Configuring the SAPUI5 Application

390

13.3.4 Extending the Frontend of Our Application

393

13.3.5 Executing the Application

400

13.3.6 Enabling and Configuring SAP Leonardo Machine Learning

402

13.4 Bring Your Own License Model

406

13.4.1 Prerequisites

407

13.4.2 Executing the REST APIs

407

13.4.3 Creating an HTTP Post Request

409

13.4.4 Checking the Deployment Status

412

13.5 Summary

414

14 Blockchain Service

415

14.1 Overview and Capabilities

415

14.1.1 Benefits

416

14.1.2 Different Types of Blockchain Network

417

14.1.3 Blockchain Frameworks/Platforms

417

14.2 Hyperledger Fabric

418

14.2.1 Key Terms and Architecture

418

14.2.2 Hyperledger Fabric Service Plans in SAP Cloud Platform

419

14.2.3 Setting Up a Hyperledger Fabric Service in SAP Cloud Platform

420

14.2.4 Creating a Channel and Adding It to the Instance Created in the Previous Step

424

14.3 Installing the Chaincode Development Tool

428

14.4 Developing a Blockchain Application

430

14.4.1 Go Programming Basics

431

14.4.2 Key Elements of the Go Language

433

14.4.3 Writing Chaincode (Smart Contract) Logic Using Go

434

14.4.4 Opening an API YAML File

441

14.4.5 Deploying the Chaincode to Hyperledger Fabric

444

14.4.6 Testing the Chaincode

446

14.5 Integrate SAP S/4HANA with the Blockchain Network

448

14.6 Summary

449

15 Adopting SAP Cloud Platform

453

15.1 Use Case 1: Supplier Relationships

453

15.2 Use Case 2: Employee Rewards

455

15.3 Use Case 3: Temperature-Sensitive Products

456

15.4 Key Challenges and Lessons Learned

459

15.4.1 Challenges Faced

460

15.4.2 Skill Development

464

15.5 Summary

465

16 Conclusion and Roadmap

467

16.1 The Cloud

467

16.2 Platform as a Service

469

16.3 Neo and SAP Cloud Platform

470

16.4 Microservices

471

16.5 Application Monitoring

473

16.6 Internet of Things

474

16.7 Roadmap

474

16.7.1 SAP Cloud Platform

475

16.7.2 Neo and Cloud Foundry Environments

475

16.7.3 SAP Cloud Platform, Consumption-Based Business Model

476

16.7.4 SAP Cloud Platform Services

477