Table of Contents

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Foreword
29
Preface
33
PART I Getting Started with Workflow in SAP
43
1 Introduction
45
1.1 SAP Business Workflow: Defined
45
1.2 SAP Intelligent Business Operations
48
1.3 How SAP Business Workflow Fits Into the SAP Overall Business Process Management Strategy
51
1.4 When to Use SAP Business Workflow
52
1.4.1 Factor 1: Human Involvement
53
1.4.2 Factor 2: Repetition
53
1.4.3 Factor 3: The Fruits of Success
54
1.4.4 Factor 4: The Cost of Failure
56
1.5 What Can Be Achieved Using SAP Business Workflow
57
1.6 Features of SAP Business Workflow
58
1.6.1 Robust Integration into SAP Applications
58
1.6.2 Workflow Builder
59
1.6.3 Graphical Status Visualization
60
1.6.4 Routing Mechanisms
61
1.6.5 Escalation Management (Deadlines)
62
1.6.6 Synchronization Management
62
1.6.7 Integration with Mobile Devices
63
1.6.8 Integration with Groupware Products
63
1.6.9 Ad Hoc Process Enhancers
63
1.6.10 Desktop Integration
64
1.6.11 Process Analytics and Dashboards
64
1.6.12 Robust Extensible Architecture
66
1.7 Some Terminology
66
2 Requirements Gathering Strategy
69
2.1 Introduction
69
2.2 Understanding the Business Process
71
2.2.1 Business Drivers for the Process
71
2.2.2 Expected Benefits of Workflow
73
2.2.3 How the Process Works in Theory
75
2.2.4 How the Process Works in Practice
75
2.2.5 Unions and Workers’ Councils
78
2.3 Gathering Object Data
78
2.3.1 Data Needed by the Workflow
79
2.3.2 Where to Look for Data
80
2.3.3 What Data Already Exists
81
2.3.4 Making the Most of the Data Collected
81
2.4 Determining the Agents
84
2.4.1 Who Are Your Agents?
85
2.4.2 Criteria for Finding Agents
86
2.5 Determining Work Item Delivery Routes
89
2.6 Confirming the Workflow Design
90
2.7 Workflow Administration
92
2.8 Planning for Production Start
93
2.9 Planning for Future Enhancements
94
3 Configuring the System
97
3.1 Quick Start: Configure the SAP Business Workflow Engine in Seconds
99
3.1.1 Automatic Workflow Customizing
99
3.1.2 Specifics of Automatic Customizing
101
3.1.3 IMG Activities for Authorization Management
104
3.2 Task-Specific Customizing
105
3.2.1 Maintaining the Organizational Plan
106
3.2.2 Agent Assignment for Tasks
106
3.2.3 Activating the Triggering Events for a Workflow or a Task
106
3.3 Transport and Client Copy
107
3.3.1 Transport of Tasks
107
3.3.2 Transport of Settings for Tasks and Workflows
107
3.3.3 Transporting a Workflow Definition
108
3.4 Customizing for the SAP Business Workflow Engine
108
4 Work Item Delivery
111
4.1 The Human Factor
111
4.2 SAP Business Workplace
114
4.2.1 Work Item Text
115
4.2.2 Attachments
117
4.2.3 Reserving and Replacing a Work Item
119
4.2.4 Executing a Work Item
119
4.2.5 Synchronous Dialog Chains
121
4.2.6 Forwarding a Work Item
122
4.2.7 Priority
123
4.2.8 Resubmission
124
4.2.9 Logs
124
4.2.10 Outbox
126
4.2.11 Rejecting Work Items
126
4.2.12 Substitution
127
4.3 Universal Worklist
127
4.3.1 Major Features
128
4.3.2 Getting Started
130
4.3.3 Working with Tasks
131
4.3.4 Personalization Options
132
4.3.5 Customizing Options
133
4.3.6 Action Handlers
133
4.3.7 UWL Configuration Wizard
134
4.3.8 Universal Worklist Connectors and API and the SONiC Adapter
136
4.4 Examples of Universal Worklist Customizing
137
4.4.1 How to Add/Remove Columns
138
4.4.2 How to Create Custom Columns
139
4.4.3 How to Make a Mandatory Rejection Memo
141
4.5 Extended Notifications
141
4.5.1 Types of Notifications
142
4.5.2 Features of Extended Notifications
142
4.5.3 Configuration Required for Extended Notifications
142
4.6 Business Workflow Work Center
144
4.7 Mobile Workflows
145
4.8 External Users
146
4.9 Other Considerations
147
5 Agents
149
5.1 Understanding Agent Assignment
150
5.1.1 Possible Agents
151
5.1.2 Responsible Agents
154
5.1.3 Excluded Agents
155
5.1.4 Recipients
156
5.1.5 Actual Agents
157
5.1.6 Assigning Multiple Agents per Work Item
158
5.1.7 Deadline and Notification Agents
159
5.2 Agent Assignment Using the Organizational Structure
160
5.2.1 The Basic Organizational Plan
160
5.2.2 The Extended Organizational Plan
165
5.2.3 Doing without an Organizational Plan
166
5.3 Agent Assignment Using Task Groups
167
5.4 Implementing and Maintaining the Structure in Practice
168
5.4.1 Strategies for Organization Plan Maintenance
168
5.4.2 Transporting Organization Plans
169
5.4.3 Reassigning Work Items from One User to Another
171
5.4.4 Substituting Users
171
5.4.5 When to Refresh the Organizational Environment
173
5.4.6 Training and Encouraging Agents
174
6 Setting Up an SAP-Provided SAP ERP Workflow
177
6.1 Finding Workflows Delivered by SAP
178
6.1.1 Using the SAP Help Portal to Find SAP Documented Workflows
178
6.1.2 Finding Workflows within Workflow Builder
179
6.1.3 Technical Workflows
180
6.2 Business Scenario
180
6.3 SAP Workflows Involved
181
6.4 Starting the Workflow
182
6.5 Activating the Scenario
183
6.6 Commonly Used SAP ERP Workflows
185
7 SAP Operational Process Intelligence Powered by SAP HANA
187
7.1 The Objectives of SAP Operational Process Intelligence
188
7.1.1 Process Transparency
188
7.1.2 Limitless Scenario Visibility
190
7.1.3 Insight to Action
190
7.2 Prerequisites for Operational Excellence
190
7.2.1 SAP HANA
191
7.2.2 SAP Operational Process Intelligence for SAP HANA
192
7.3 space.me Dashboards
192
7.3.1 The Phase Diagram
195
7.3.2 Measurements
196
7.3.3 Key Performance Indicators
196
7.3.4 Tasks
197
7.3.5 Checklists
199
7.3.6 Additional Context Data
200
7.4 SAP HANA Studio
200
7.4.1 Context
201
7.4.2 Processes
201
7.4.3 Measurements, Indicators, and Everything Else
203
7.4.4 Activating the Scenario
204
7.5 Next Steps
205
PART II Administering Workflows
207
8 Workflow Administration
209
8.1 Reporting on Workflows
210
8.1.1 Reporting on Workflow Progress
211
8.1.2 Reporting on Workflow Performance
212
8.1.3 Work Items by Processing Duration
213
8.1.4 Work Items with Monitored Deadlines
214
8.1.5 Reporting on Agent Behavior
214
8.1.6 Identifying and Justifying Potential Improvements
215
8.2 Error Resolution
216
8.3 General Techniques for Resolving Runtime Errors
219
8.3.1 Basic Settings for Error Monitoring
219
8.3.2 Finding and Fixing Work Items
220
8.3.3 Diagnosis of Workflows with Errors
220
8.3.4 Work Item Selection
222
8.3.5 Work Item Frequency
223
8.4 Working with the Work Item Display
224
8.4.1 Work Item Display: Standard View
226
8.4.2 Work Item Display: Technical View
227
8.4.3 Working with the Work Item Container Display
230
8.5 Working with the Workflow Log
231
8.5.1 User View
232
8.5.2 Technical View
234
8.6 Working with the Classic Workflow Technical Log
236
8.7 Resolving Agent Determination Errors
239
8.7.1 Fixing Work Items with No Agents or Wrong Agents
239
8.7.2 Preventing Agent Determination Problems from Recurring
242
8.7.3 Support Tools for Agent Determination Problems
242
8.7.4 Resolving Buffering Errors
243
8.7.5 Fixing Work Items with Buffering Problems
244
8.7.6 Preventing Buffering Problems from Recurring
245
8.7.7 Support Tools for Buffering Problems
245
8.8 Other Support Tools
246
8.9 Help Desk in the Intranet
247
8.9.1 Web-Based Help Desks
247
8.9.2 Self-Help
248
8.10 A Day in the Life of a Workflow Administrator
249
8.10.1 Workflow Administrator Assignment
250
8.10.2 Who Makes the Business Decisions in the Event of Failure
252
8.10.3 Crisis Response
254
8.10.4 Day-to-Day Monitoring
256
8.10.5 Periodic Reality Checks
258
8.10.6 Housekeeping and Archiving
259
8.10.7 Making the Most of a Precious Resource
260
9 Using SAP Business Warehouse for SAP Business Workflow Reporting
263
9.1 SAP Business Warehouse Basics for the Workflow Expert
264
9.2 Standard Workflow Analysis with SAP Business Warehouse
266
9.2.1 Data Flow and Overview of Provided Business Content
267
9.2.2 InfoCube: Aggregated Process Data
268
9.2.3 Aggregated BPM and HR Data
269
9.2.4 Using Standard BI Content
269
10 Administration Troubleshooting Guide
271
10.1 A Workflow That Doesn’t Start
271
10.1.1 Did It Really Fail to Start?
272
10.1.2 Is the Triggering Event Set Up Correctly?
272
10.1.3 Check the RFC Queue to See if the Event Raising Has Aborted Midway
273
10.1.4 Check the Consistency of the Workflow Definition
274
10.1.5 Simulate the Event
275
10.1.6 What’s Preventing the Workflow from Starting
275
10.2 A Workflow That Stops in Mid-Track
276
10.3 The Most Likely Causes (and How to Avoid Them)
278
10.3.1 Background Work Items Aborting in the Middle
278
10.3.2 Business Object Doesn’t Exist
279
10.3.3 Inconsistent Definition
280
10.3.4 Workflow Step Must Be Confirmed Manually
281
10.3.5 Condition Set Up Incorrectly
281
10.3.6 Binding Problems with the Workflow Trace
281
10.3.7 Why Duplicate or Multiple Workflows Are Triggered
282
10.3.8 Why an Agent Doesn’t Receive a Work Item
283
10.3.9 Why the Wrong Agent Receives the Work Item
285
10.3.10 Why the Work Item Follows the Wrong Route
286
10.4 The Administrator’s First Aid Guide
286
10.4.1 Resolving Work Item Errors
286
10.4.2 Resolving Workflow Instance Errors
291
10.4.3 Finding Workflows That Seem to Have Disappeared
294
10.4.4 Resolving Event Linkage Errors
295
11 Advanced Diagnostics
299
11.1 Troubleshooting Workflows
299
11.2 Diagnosis Logs
301
11.2.1 Workflow Log
301
11.2.2 Diagnosis Transaction
302
11.2.3 Event Trace
304
11.2.4 Transactional RFC Log
307
11.3 Debugging with the ABAP Debugger
308
11.3.1 Workflow Trace
309
11.3.2 When to Use the Workflow Trace
314
11.3.3 Additional Trace Functionality
314
11.3.4 Supportability Tool
316
11.4 Preparing a Task to Go to Production
317
12 Upgrading SAP Business Workflow
323
12.1 First Steps to Upgrading Workflow
323
12.2 Steps to Take Before the Upgrade Begins
325
12.2.1 Complete All Running Workflow Instances (Where Possible)
325
12.2.2 Create Workflow Test Plans
325
12.2.3 WF and T Tasks versus WS and TS Tasks
326
12.2.4 Clean Runtime Tables
326
12.3 Steps to Take During and After the Upgrade
327
12.3.1 Conversion of Event Linkage Tables
327
12.3.2 Basis Support Package
327
12.3.3 Configure Your System for Workflow
327
12.3.4 Workflow Definition and Binding
328
12.3.5 Tables SWW_CONTOB and SWW_CONT
328
12.3.6 Changed Locking Behavior of Runtime
330
12.3.7 Other Issues after the Upgrade
331
12.4 Important SAP Notes
332
PART III Developing Workflows
335
13 Creating a Workflow
337
13.1 Workflow Builder Basics
338
13.1.1 Look and Feel of the Workflow Builder
338
13.1.2 Building Your First Workflow
342
13.1.3 Saving, Activating, and Testing
345
13.2 Enhancing Your Workflow
347
13.2.1 Deadline Monitoring
347
13.2.2 Creating and Using Tasks
350
13.2.3 Using Asynchronous Tasks
358
13.2.4 Accessing Data and Activities
360
13.2.5 Notifications
362
13.3 Basics of Containers and Bindings
363
13.3.1 Creating Containers and Bindings for Tasks
363
13.3.2 Creating Container Elements in the Workflow Container
364
13.3.3 Changing Container Elements
366
13.4 Steps
368
13.4.1 Other Step Types
368
13.4.2 Inserting New Steps
371
13.4.3 Types of Outcomes
372
13.4.4 Task and Step Attributes That Impact Work Item Execution
374
13.5 Documenting, Translating, Transporting, and Team Development
376
13.5.1 Documenting Workflow Definitions
376
13.5.2 Translating a Workflow into Other Languages
377
13.5.3 Transporting New Versions of a Workflow
377
13.5.4 Sharing Workflow Development within a Team
378
14 Advanced Workflow Design Techniques
381
14.1 Step Conditions
381
14.1.1 Step Condition: Create Work Item
384
14.1.2 Step Condition: Complete Work Item
384
14.2 How to Implement Parallel Processing
384
14.2.1 How to Implement Table-Driven Dynamic Parallel Processing
386
14.2.2 How to Implement a Fork
390
14.3 Reusing Workflows as Subworkflows
391
14.4 Modeled Deadlines
392
14.4.1 Notify Recipients via Email That a Deadline Has Been Missed
393
14.4.2 Skip the Work Item If a Deadline Has Been Missed
393
14.5 Containers
394
14.5.1 Containers and Bindings in Depth
395
14.5.2 Reimplementation of the Container
399
14.6 Binding
400
14.6.1 Binding Editor
400
14.6.2 Expressions
402
14.7 Blocks and Local Workflows
402
14.7.1 Local Workflows as a Practical Example of Block Implementation
402
14.7.2 Local Workflows and Other SAP-Provided Example Workflows
404
14.7.3 When to Use Local Workflows versus Subworkflows
404
14.8 Ad Hoc Features and Review Workflows
404
14.8.1 Ad Hoc Features to Change Workflows on the Fly
404
14.8.2 Review Workflows
406
15 Business Objects
407
15.1 BOR Object Basics
409
15.1.1 BOR Objects: Some Basic Terminology
411
15.1.2 Relationships between BOR Objects
412
15.1.3 BOR Object Tools
415
15.1.4 Viewing Existing BOR Objects
417
15.2 Creating Your Own BOR Objects
426
15.2.1 Creating New BOR Objects
428
15.2.2 Extending Existing BOR Objects via Delegation
431
15.3 Creating BOR Components
431
15.3.1 Adding an Interface
432
15.3.2 Creating Key Fields
433
15.3.3 Creating Attributes
434
15.3.4 Creating Methods
437
15.3.5 Creating Events
446
15.4 BOR Object Programming
447
15.4.1 Key Fields and the Object Declaration
448
15.4.2 Programming Attributes
450
15.4.3 Programming Methods
457
15.5 Some Useful Predefined BOR Objects
464
15.5.1 BOR Object SELFITEM
464
15.5.2 BOR Object WF_TASK
465
15.5.3 BOR Object SYSTEM
465
15.5.4 BOR Object FORMABSENC
465
15.5.5 BOR Object USR01
465
15.6 Real-World Examples for BOR Object Customizing
466
15.6.1 Custom Attribute
466
15.6.2 Custom Methods
468
16 ABAP Classes
471
16.1 ABAP Classes Basics
472
16.1.1 History
472
16.1.2 Reasons to Use Classes
473
16.1.3 More Resources
476
16.2 Comparing ABAP Classes and BOR Objects
476
16.2.1 Interfaces
476
16.2.2 Object Identification
477
16.2.3 Class/Component Level
478
16.2.4 Attributes
478
16.2.5 Methods
479
16.2.6 Events
479
16.3 Utility Classes
479
16.3.1 The IF_WORKFLOW Interface
480
16.3.2 Creating a Utility Class
480
16.3.3 Component Visibility
482
16.3.4 Methods
483
16.3.5 Using a Utility Class in a Task
485
16.3.6 Attributes
486
16.3.7 Functional Methods
489
16.4 Business Classes
492
16.4.1 Local Persistent Object Reference
495
16.4.2 Implementing FIND_BY_LPOR
498
16.4.3 Implementing LPOR
499
16.4.4 Instantiating ABAP Class Objects
500
16.4.5 Alternate Ways to Instantiate Objects
502
16.4.6 Attributes
505
16.4.7 Attributes versus Functional Methods
505
16.5 Exception Classes
506
16.6 Using BOR Objects in Classes
512
16.7 Events
517
16.7.1 Responding to Events
517
16.7.2 Raising Events
518
16.8 Recommendations and Advanced Topics
527
16.8.1 Performance and Instance Management
527
16.8.2 Persistent Classes
530
16.8.3 Class Design Considerations
531
17 Agent Determination Rules
535
17.1 Determining Agents through Rule Resolution
536
17.2 Rule Basics
537
17.2.1 Testing and Simulating Rules
538
17.2.2 Rule to Locate the Plant Manager
539
17.3 Agent Determination Rule Resolution in the Workflow Step
542
17.4 What Happens If Rule Resolution Has No Result
543
17.5 Responsibility Rules
545
17.5.1 Responsibility Rules with Multiple Criteria
545
17.5.2 Secondary Priorities
547
17.6 Agent Determination Using SAP Organizational Data
549
17.7 Function Modules as Rules
551
17.7.1 Creating a Rule Based on a Function Module
551
17.7.2 Linking Rule Function Modules from Different SAP Components
552
17.8 Evaluation Paths as Rules
556
17.9 Other Options for Responsible Agent Assignment
558
17.10 Real-World Example of Agent Determination Rules
560
18 Using Events and Other Business Interfaces
563
18.1 Understanding Events
564
18.2 How to Know What Events Exist
566
18.2.1 Look in the Object
566
18.2.2 Look in the Event Linkage Table
566
18.2.3 Remember to Turn the Trace Off When Finished
568
18.3 Defining Events
570
18.4 Raising Events from Business Applications
571
18.4.1 Raising Events via Change Documents
572
18.4.2 Raising Events via Status Changes
575
18.4.3 Raising Events via Message Control
576
18.4.4 Raising Events via Changes to HR Master Data
577
18.4.5 Raising Events via Business Transaction Events
578
18.4.6 Raising Events by Calling a Workflow API
580
18.5 Using Events in Workflows
580
18.5.1 Using Events in Workflows
580
18.5.2 Triggering Events
581
18.5.3 Start Conditions for Workflows
584
18.5.4 Terminating Events
587
18.5.5 Workflow Header Events
590
18.5.6 Parked Events
591
18.5.7 Event Queues
592
18.6 Generic Object Services
593
18.6.1 Starting Workflows Manually
594
18.6.2 Viewing the Logs of Related Workflows
595
18.6.3 Subscribe to an Object Instance
595
18.6.4 Sending an Email
596
18.7 Starting Workflows from Messages
596
19 Custom Programs
599
19.1 The SAP Business Workflow Engine
599
19.1.1 Work Items
600
19.1.2 Events
605
19.1.3 Work Item Status
605
19.2 Workflow APIs
608
19.2.1 The Simple WAPI Container
609
19.2.2 SAP_WAPI_CREATE_EVENT
609
19.2.3 SAP_WAPI_START_WORKFLOW
610
19.2.4 SAP_WAPI_WORKITEMS_TO_OBJECT
612
19.2.5 SAP_WAPI_READ_CONTAINER
612
19.3 Advanced Business Interface Techniques
612
19.3.1 When to Start a Workflow with an Event
613
19.3.2 Raising Events by Calling a Function Module
614
19.3.3 Advanced Event Linkage
619
19.3.4 Adding Generic Object Services to Your Own Transactions
623
19.3.5 Implementing the Workflow Toolbox in Your Own Transactions
624
19.4 Office Document Interfaces
625
19.4.1 Business Communications Services
625
19.4.2 SO_*_API1 Function Modules
625
20 Service-Enabling Workflows
627
20.1 Workflow in the Context of a Business Process
627
20.2 Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture
629
20.2.1 Web Services Defined
629
20.2.2 Web Services Description Language
630
20.2.3 Web Services and SOAP
631
20.2.4 Service-Oriented Architecture
632
20.3 SOA at SAP
634
20.4 Implementing the Service Interface for a Workflow
636
20.4.1 The Function Module
637
20.4.2 Service-Enabling in the Application (Inside-Out Approach)
638
20.4.3 Service-Enabling from the Enterprise Services Repository (Outside-In Approach)
643
21 BRFplus and SAP Decision Service Management
659
21.1 Introduction to Business Rules and Decision Services
660
21.1.1 Business Rules Scenarios in Workflows
662
21.1.2 Business Rules Engines in SAP
662
21.2 Overview of Decision Services in SAP DSM/BRFplus
664
21.3 Calling Decision Services from SAP Business Workflow
667
21.4 Example: Decision Service for Adaptable Deadlines
669
21.5 Example: Decision Service for Agent Assignment
673
PART IV Enhancing Workflows
679
22 User Interface Options
681
22.1 Inbox and the User Interface
682
22.2 Containers, Bindings, and Data Flow
684
22.2.1 Where the Customized UI Fits in with the Data Flow When Using UWL
684
22.2.2 Common Steps When Using Web Dynpro and BSP with UWL
686
23 Using Web Dynpro ABAP
689
23.1 Example Based on User Decision
690
23.1.1 Standard User Decision
690
23.1.2 User Decision with Note in Universal Worklist
691
23.1.3 User Decision with Web Dynpro ABAP
694
23.2 Required Settings in Web Dynpro ABAP
697
23.2.1 Web Dynpro ABAP Application
698
23.2.2 Window
701
23.2.3 Main View
702
23.3 Configuration for the Universal Worklist
705
23.4 Ensuring the User Only Executes the Work Item in the Universal Worklist
706
23.4.1 Implementing a Message by the Execution from SAP Business Workplace
707
23.4.2 Hiding the Work Item from SAP Business Workplace
707
24 Using Web Dynpro Java
709
24.1 Real-World Example of Web Dynpro Java and Workflow
710
24.2 Setting Up the Java Development Environment
712
24.3 Tasks on the Java Side
716
24.3.1 Presentation Layer
716
24.3.2 Model Layer
718
24.4 Tasks in the Universal Worklist
721
25 Using Business Server Pages
725
25.1 Building the Example BSP and Workflow
725
25.1.1 Laying the Groundwork
725
25.1.2 Setting Up the WebFlow Service Handler
733
25.2 Launching the BSP and Transferring Data
734
25.2.1 Defining the Workflow Service and Creating a Task
734
25.2.2 Creating a Test Workflow
736
25.2.3 Launching a BSP Application from the SAP Business Workplace
738
25.2.4 Launching a BSP Application from Another Web Application
738
25.2.5 Launching a BSP Application from the Universal Worklist
738
25.3 Completing Workflow Tasks from BSP Applications
740
26 Using Forms
743
26.1 SAP Interactive Forms by Adobe
743
26.2 SAP Business Workflow Forms
744
26.2.1 Simple Forms Creation
745
26.2.2 Document Templates
747
27 Using SAPUI5
751
27.1 UI Applications
752
27.2 Inside SAPUI5
753
27.2.1 The Libraries
753
27.2.2 Model View Controller
754
27.2.3 Component-Based Best Practices
755
27.3 Sketching Out the Application
755
27.3.1 The sap.m.SplitApp Control
755
27.3.2 MVC and XML Views
756
27.3.3 The Component
757
27.3.4 What We’re Aiming For
757
27.3.5 UI Construction: Step by Step
758
27.3.6 Component Definition
761
27.3.7 Views and Controllers
762
27.4 Frontend, Meet Backend
774
27.4.1 SAP Gateway and OData
774
27.4.2 The WFSERVICE OData Service
776
27.4.3 Incorporating OData
778
27.5 Last Steps
783
27.5.1 Internationalization
783
27.5.2 Formatting Functions
783
27.5.3 Device Model
783
27.5.4 Validation and Error Handling
783
27.5.5 List Searching, Filtering, and Grouping
784
27.5.6 Decision Options
784
PART V Using SAP Business Workflow in SAP Applications
785
28 ArchiveLink
787
28.1 What Is ArchiveLink?
788
28.1.1 Technical View of ArchiveLink
788
28.1.2 Business View of ArchiveLink
790
28.2 ArchiveLink Standard Scenarios
791
28.2.1 How SAP Business Workflow Integrates ArchiveLink
792
28.2.2 Workflow-Based Document Scenario: Store for Subsequent Entry (Previously “Early Archiving”)
792
28.2.3 Workflow-Based Document Scenario: Store for Subsequent Assignment (Previously “Late Archiving”)
793
28.3 BOR Object Types
794
29 SAP Supplier Relationship Management
797
29.1 Approval Processes
799
29.1.1 Simple Approval Processes
800
29.1.2 Complex Approval Processes
800
29.1.3 Key Concepts and Requirements
801
29.2 SAP SRM Approval Frameworks
806
29.3 Process-Controlled Workflow in Detail
808
29.3.1 Technical Background
811
29.3.2 Basic Assumptions for Document Processing
813
29.3.3 Configuration of Approval Levels
813
29.3.4 Business Rules Framework
816
29.3.5 Agent Determination
817
29.3.6 BAdI Implementations for Agent Determination
819
29.3.7 Approval by Document Owner
829
29.3.8 Shopping Cart Modifications during Sourcing
830
29.3.9 Parallel Approval with Overlapping Responsibility
832
29.3.10 Approval Process Overview: User-Focused Process Visualization
833
29.3.11 Process-Controlled Workflow: Advanced Troubleshooting
837
29.4 Real-World Example of a Process-Controlled Workflow
841
29.4.1 Simplest Scenario: Execute without Approval
841
29.4.2 Configuring Two-Step Approval
842
29.4.3 Details on BRF Integration
843
29.5 Application-Controlled Workflow in Detail
847
29.5.1 One-/Two-Step Approval
847
29.5.2 n-step BAdI
848
29.5.3 SAP-Provided BAdIs and Workflow Templates
849
29.5.4 Line Item-Based BAdI
850
29.5.5 Approvers Changing Documents in Application-Controlled Workflow
850
29.5.6 Configuring Approval Processes
850
29.5.7 Agent Determination
853
29.5.8 Ad Hoc Agent Assignment
854
29.5.9 Implementing Dynamic Processes
856
29.5.10 Tracking Workflow Instances
861
29.5.11 Application-Controlled Workflow Advanced Troubleshooting
861
29.6 Real-World Example of Application-Controlled Workflow
863
29.6.1 Without Approval
863
29.6.2 Two-Step Approval
863
29.7 Inbox and UWL
865
29.8 Offline Functionality
866
29.8.1 Outbound Processing
867
29.8.2 Offline Approval by the Recipient
867
29.8.3 Inbound Processing
868
29.9 Deadline Monitoring
868
29.10 Recommendations When Getting Started
870
29.10.1 Upgrading a System
871
29.10.2 Archiving
873
29.10.3 New Installation
873
30 SAP Customer Relationship Management
877
30.1 Introduction
878
30.1.1 One Order Concept
879
30.1.2 Business Transaction and SAP CRM Business Objects
881
30.1.3 Transaction History
883
30.1.4 SAP CRM UI Framework
884
30.1.5 SAP Enterprise Portal Integration
887
30.2 Customizing and Workflow Administration
887
30.2.1 Workflow Customizing
887
30.2.2 Workflow Administration
887
30.3 Integrating Your Own Workflows
888
30.3.1 Status Management
888
30.3.2 Actions
888
30.3.3 Agent Determination
889
30.4 SAP CRM Worklist
891
30.4.1 Workflow Inbox Basics
893
30.4.2 Dynamic Navigation and the Workflow Inbox
894
30.4.3 Navigational Customizing of the Workflow Inbox
896
30.4.4 Specifics of Dialog Tasks Based on Workflow ABAP Classes
898
30.4.5 Additional Customizing and Personalization
898
30.4.6 SAP ERP Integration
899
30.4.7 Universal Worklist Integration
901
30.4.8 Administrative Standard Workflows
901
30.5 SAP CRM Standard Workflows
902
30.5.1 Marketing: Campaign Automation
902
30.5.2 Sales: Lead to Opportunity
903
30.6 Sample Implementation of a Customer Workflow in SAP CRM
906
30.6.1 Scenario and Requirements for the Custom Workflow
906
30.6.2 Implementing the Workflow
907
30.6.3 Creating a BOL Model for Your SAP CRM Workflows
910
30.6.4 Implementation of the Workflow Application
913
30.6.5 Setting Up Dynamic Navigation
920
30.6.6 Action to Automatically Set the Status "Accepted by Sales"
923
30.6.7 General Settings for the Follow-Up Process
928
30.6.8 Executing the Workflow
930
30.6.9 Optional Enhancement
932
31 SAP ERP Human Capital Management—Processes and Forms
935
31.1 Workflow within the HCM Processes and Forms Framework
936
31.1.1 Special Features of the Workflow Templates
936
31.1.2 Special Features of the Standard Tasks
937
31.1.3 Requirements for an HCM Processes and Forms Workflow Template
938
31.2 Standard Workflows in HCM Processes and Forms
939
31.3 Workflow Techniques
940
31.3.1 Calling Web-Based SAP Applications Using Transaction SWFVISU
941
31.3.2 Program Exits
944
31.3.3 XML File for Universal Worklist Configuration
945
31.4 Creating Your Own Workflows
946
31.4.1 Interactive Components
947
31.4.2 Background Components
949
31.4.3 Troubleshooting
950
31.5 Universal Worklist Configuration
951
31.5.1 Subviews
951
31.5.2 Buttons (Actions)
954
32 SAP Governance, Risk, and Compliance
955
32.1 Overview of SAP’s GRC Applications
956
32.2 Multi-Stage, Multi-Path Approval Workflow in GRC Access Control
957
32.2.1 MSMP Functionality
958
32.2.2 Configuring MSMP Workflow
962
32.3 SAP Process Control
965
32.3.1 Configuration
966
32.3.2 SAP Folders Management Interface
971
32.3.3 Troubleshooting PC Workflow and Cases
972
32.4 Risk Management
974
33 SAP Fiori and Mobility
979
33.1 Fundamentals of Mobile Access to Workflows
980
33.2 Assessing Mobile Fit: HTML5 versus Native Apps versus Hybrid Containers
982
33.3 SAP Fiori Approve All versus Unified Inbox
983
33.4 SAP Fiori Approve All
984
33.4.1 Activating Approve All and Related Workflow Apps
987
33.4.2 Configuring the Generic Approve All User Interface for Custom Workflow Tasks
988
33.4.3 Implementing Custom User Interfaces for Approve All Workflow Tasks
989
34 SAP Master Data Governance
993
34.1 Application Overview
993
34.2 SAP Master Data Governance’s Change Request Process
995
34.2.1 Change Request Type
996
34.2.2 Change Request Step
996
34.2.3 Change Request Step Type
997
34.2.4 Change Request Status
998
34.3 Using SAP Business Workflow in SAP Master Data Governance
999
34.3.1 SAP Master Data Governance-Specific Workflow Setup
999
34.3.2 The Business Object MDG Change Request
1000
34.3.3 Start Event of a Workflow in SAP Master Data Governance
1001
34.3.4 Standard Dialog Tasks
1002
34.3.5 Standard Background Tasks
1003
34.3.6 Agent Determination
1005
34.4 Rule-Based Workflow
1006
34.4.1 Rule-Based Workflow Template WS60800086
1007
34.4.2 Process Pattern
1008
34.4.3 Process and User Determination Based on BRFplus
1010
34.4.4 Extensibility
1014
34.5 Blueprinting Your Change Request Process
1015
34.5.1 All Steps and Connections
1016
34.5.2 Change Request Actions
1017
34.5.3 Change Request Status
1017
34.5.4 Change Request Step Type
1018
34.5.5 Condition Alias and Process Pattern
1018
34.6 Implementing the Change Request Process
1019
34.6.1 Using Your Own Workflow Template
1020
34.6.2 Using Rule-Based Workflow
1022
Appendices
1027
A Tips and Tricks
1029
A.1 Working with Wizards
1029
A.2 Working with Email
1031
A.3 Showing the Decision Maker in a Follow-On Step
1037
A.4 Creating Your Own User Decision Template
1038
A.5 Using Secondary, Before, and After Methods
1039
A.6 Looping through a Multiline List
1041
A.7 Creating Object References Dynamically
1042
A.8 Deadlines Based on the Factory Calendar
1043
A.9 Making the Most of Modeled Deadlines
1047
A.10 Ad Hoc Anchor Step
1049
A.11 Review Workflows
1050
B New Features and Functionality
1051
C The Authors
1055
Index
1065