Table of Contents

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Foreword by Thomas Saueressig
17
Foreword by André Christ
19
Preface
21
Who This Book Is For
22
How to Read This Book: The Reading Metro Map
23
Acknowledgments
25
Tell Us What You Think!
26
PART I SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework
27
1 Introduction to Enterprise Architecture with SAP
29
1.1 What Is Enterprise Architecture?
30
1.2 How Is Enterprise Architecture Relevant in SAP Landscapes?
33
1.3 Evolution of Enterprise Architecture and the Enterprise Architect Role
35
1.4 Challenges and Obstacles When Implementing Enterprise Architecture
38
1.5 Summary
40
2 The SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework
43
2.1 Overview of Enterprise Architecture Frameworks
44
2.2 Enterprise Architecture Methodology
46
2.2.1 Architecture Vision
49
2.2.2 Strategy and Motivation
53
2.2.3 Business Architecture
58
2.2.4 Solution Architecture
69
2.2.5 Technology Architecture
80
2.2.6 Roadmap and Transition
81
2.2.7 Requirements and Governance
84
2.3 SAP’s Reference Content
89
2.3.1 SAP Reference Business Architecture
90
2.3.2 SAP Reference Solution Architecture
93
2.3.3 Additional Reference Content
96
2.4 Preview of Tools and Practice
100
2.5 SAP’s Enterprise Architecture Services
102
2.5.1 SAP's Enterprise Architecture Service Approach
103
2.5.2 Patterns and Modularization
103
2.5.3 Applying the Service Methodology
106
2.6 Summary
107
3 Functional Integration of Enterprise Architecture
109
3.1 Business Process Management
110
3.2 Data Management
115
3.3 Application Management
119
3.4 System versus Enterprise Architecture
120
3.5 Additional Functions and Practices
122
3.5.1 Portfolio Management
122
3.5.2 Requirements Management
124
3.5.3 Strategy Management
125
3.5.4 Innovation Management
126
3.5.5 Risk Management
128
3.5.6 Value Management
129
3.5.7 Organizational Change Management
129
3.6 Isolated versus Integrated Functions
130
3.7 Summary
131
4 Tool Capabilities for Enterprise Architecture
133
4.1 Generic Reference Architecture
134
4.2 Architecture Model
135
4.3 Architecture Artifacts
135
4.3.1 Representing Relationships in Artifacts
136
4.3.2 Representing Attribute Values in Artifacts
138
4.4 Features and Capabilities
139
4.5 Integrations
140
4.6 Comparing Different Types of Enterprise Architecture Tools
141
4.7 Summary
143
PART II SAP Enterprise Architecture Use Cases and Patterns
145
5 Cloud Transformation
147
5.1 Business and IT Context
148
5.1.1 Business Context
149
5.1.2 IT Context
154
5.2 Problem Statement
160
5.2.1 Company Profile
160
5.2.2 IT Landscape
161
5.2.3 Organizational Aspects
164
5.3 Applying the Enterprise Architecture Transformation Approach
166
5.4 Key Deliverables and Outcomes
171
5.4.1 Transformation Readiness
172
5.4.2 Business Process
174
5.4.3 Business Process Intelligence
179
5.4.4 Application Architecture
182
5.4.5 Instance Strategy
187
5.4.6 Artificial Intelligence and Automation
190
5.4.7 Integration
192
5.4.8 Extensibility
197
5.4.9 Initiatives and Roadmap
200
5.4.10 Transition Scenario Evaluation
205
5.5 Summary
210
6 Business Transformation
211
6.1 Business and IT Context
211
6.1.1 Business Context
212
6.1.2 IT Context
214
6.2 Problem Statement
216
6.2.1 Company Profile
216
6.2.2 IT Landscape
219
6.3 Applying the Enterprise Architecture Transformation Approach
220
6.4 Key Deliverables and Outcomes
222
6.4.1 Strategy Mapping
223
6.4.2 Business Model Patterns
230
6.4.3 Business Capability Map
233
6.4.4 Application Architecture
238
6.4.5 Initiatives and Roadmap
241
6.4.6 Organizational Change Management
244
6.5 Summary
245
7 Sustainability
247
7.1 Business and IT Context
248
7.1.1 Business Context
249
7.1.2 IT Context
250
7.2 Problem Statement
253
7.2.1 Company Profile
254
7.2.2 IT Landscape
254
7.3 Applying the Enterprise Architecture Transformation Approach
256
7.4 Key Deliverables and Outcomes
260
7.4.1 Strategy Mapping
261
7.4.2 Business Capability Heatmap
262
7.4.3 High-Level Solution Component Map
263
7.4.4 Application Architecture
264
7.4.5 Sustainability Roadmap
268
7.5 Summary
269
8 Mergers, Acquisitions, and Divestitures
271
8.1 Business and IT Context
272
8.1.1 Business Context
272
8.1.2 IT Context
274
8.2 Problem Statement
277
8.2.1 Divestiture Use Case: Company Profile and IT Landscape
278
8.2.2 Acquisition Use Case: Company Profile and IT Landscape
279
8.3 Applying the Enterprise Architecture Transformation Approach
280
8.3.1 Divestiture Use Case
280
8.3.2 Acquisition Use Case
281
8.4 Key Deliverables and Outcomes
283
8.4.1 Divestiture Use Case
283
8.4.2 Acquisitions Use Case
287
8.5 Summary
292
9 Reducing Total Cost of Ownership
293
9.1 Understanding Total Cost of Ownership
293
9.1.1 Types of Costs
293
9.1.2 Capital versus Operational Expenditures
297
9.2 Business and IT Context
298
9.2.1 Business Context
298
9.2.2 IT Context
301
9.2.3 Total Cost of Ownership Analysis
304
9.3 Problem Statement
306
9.3.1 Company Profile
306
9.3.2 IT Landscape
307
9.4 Applying the Enterprise Architecture Transformation Approach
309
9.5 Key Deliverables and Outcomes
313
9.5.1 Business Process
313
9.5.2 Business Capability
314
9.5.3 Template Assessment and Guidelines
315
9.5.4 Instance Strategy
317
9.5.5 Application Architecture
319
9.5.6 Transition Scenario and Evaluation
322
9.5.7 Initiatives and Roadmap
324
9.6 Summary
326
10 Patterns for Additional Use Cases
329
10.1 Rollout Strategy Assessment
330
10.1.1 Business Context
330
10.1.2 IT Context
330
10.1.3 Problem Statement
331
10.1.4 Applying the Enterprise Architecture Transformation Approach
331
10.1.5 Key Deliverables and Outcomes
332
10.2 Two-Tier Architecture
334
10.2.1 Business Context
334
10.2.2 IT Context
335
10.2.3 Problem Statement
336
10.2.4 Applying the Enterprise Architecture Transformation Approach
337
10.2.5 Key Deliverables and Outcomes
338
10.3 Split Architecture
339
10.3.1 Business Context
339
10.3.2 IT Context
340
10.3.3 Problem Statement
340
10.3.4 Applying the Enterprise Architecture Transformation Approach
340
10.3.5 Key Deliverables and Outcomes
341
10.4 Summary
342
PART III SAP LeanIX
343
11 SAP LeanIX Overview
345
11.1 SAP LeanIX as Part of an End-to-End Toolchain
345
11.2 Fact Sheets and Meta Model
347
11.2.1 Relationships among Fact Sheets
348
11.2.2 Fact Sheet Subtypes
350
11.2.3 Fields and Tagging
351
11.3 The SAP LeanIX Application
351
11.4 The Time Dimension: Lifecycles and Transformations
354
11.4.1 Lifecycle Fields
354
11.4.2 Transformations
355
11.5 Workspace Setup
357
11.6 Summary
358
12 Working with SAP LeanIX
361
12.1 Dashboards
361
12.2 Common Tasks
362
12.2.1 Filters
362
12.2.2 Exploration
363
12.2.3 Structuring Dashboards, Reports, and Diagrams
365
12.3 Inventory
366
12.4 Tagging
367
12.5 Reports
370
12.5.1 Landscape Reports
371
12.5.2 Matrix Reports
372
12.5.3 Roadmaps
375
12.5.4 Portfolio Reports
379
12.5.5 Interface Circle Maps
380
12.6 Diagrams
381
12.6.1 Creating and Editing Diagrams
381
12.6.2 Data Flow Diagrams
384
12.6.3 Free Draw Diagrams
386
12.7 Artificial Intelligence
387
12.8 Presentations
388
12.9 Subscriptions, User Roles, and Authorizations
390
12.10 Collaboration
391
12.10.1 Favorites and Sharing
392
12.10.2 Comments
392
12.10.3 Action Items and Questions
393
12.10.4 Surveys
394
12.11 Quality Management and Governance
396
12.12 Summary
398
13 Integration and Extensibility with SAP LeanIX
399
13.1 Export and Import
399
13.2 Reference Catalogs
402
13.3 Extending the Meta Model
406
13.4 Integrations
408
13.4.1 Autodiscovery of SAP Landscapes
410
13.4.2 Prebuilt Integrations
410
13.4.3 Custom Integrations
411
13.5 Advanced Customization
413
13.5.1 Key Performance Indicators
413
13.5.2 Automations
415
13.5.3 Metrics
416
13.6 Summary
417
14 SAP LeanIX in Practice
419
14.1 Application Portfolio Management
419
14.2 Roadmap and Transformation Management
423
14.2.1 Use Case Description
423
14.2.2 Modeling the Baseline
425
14.2.3 Creating Program Structures and Milestones
427
14.2.4 Modeling the Transformations
429
14.2.5 Simulating Transformation in Reports
433
14.2.6 Executing Transformations
434
14.3 Clean Core Modeling
435
14.4 Summary
437
PART IV Enterprise Architecture Practice
439
15 Setting Up an Enterprise Architecture Practice
441
15.1 Enterprise Architecture Practice Overview
442
15.2 Enterprise Architecture Maturity
445
15.3 Organizational Setup
448
15.4 Enterprise Architecture Processes
455
15.4.1 Architecture Development
456
15.4.2 IT Investments and Program Portfolio
457
15.4.3 Alignment of Business with IT
460
15.4.4 Solution and Process Documentation
460
15.5 Enterprise Architecture Governance
461
15.5.1 Architecture Board
461
15.5.2 Architecture Principles and Guardrails
463
15.5.3 Planning and Change Management
466
15.5.4 Linking to Other Governance Layers
467
15.6 Enterprise Architecture Skills and Enablement
469
15.6.1 Business-Related Skills
470
15.6.2 IT-Related Skills
471
15.6.3 Enterprise Architecture-Related Skills
472
15.6.4 General Skills
472
15.6.5 Learning and Enablement
474
15.6.6 Conferences
474
15.7 Hiring an Enterprise Architecture Team
476
15.8 Enterprise Architecture Communication and Communities
477
15.8.1 Internal Community
477
15.8.2 External Communities and User Groups
479
15.8.3 Communication
479
15.9 Use Cases for Practice Evolution
480
15.9.1 Establishing an Enterprise Architecture Practice
480
15.9.2 Combining Two Architecture Practices of Different Maturities
482
15.10 Summary
484
16 Enterprise Architecture at SAP
487
16.1 Overview of Enterprise Architecture Practices at SAP
487
16.2 Enterprise Architecture in Advisory and Services
490
16.2.1 Architecture Advisory (Discover and Select Phases)
490
16.2.2 Architecture Service Delivery (Select, Adopt, and Derive Phases)
491
16.2.3 Scaling via SAP Transformation Hub (Internal Scaling)
492
16.3 Enterprise Architecture in SAP Product Development
495
16.3.1 Technical Component Architecture
495
16.3.2 Business Function Architecture
497
16.4 Enterprise Architecture in Internal IT at SAP
498
16.4.1 Architecture Services
498
16.4.2 Collaboration with Development
500
16.4.3 SAP’s Strategic Transformation Portfolio
501
16.4.4 SAP’s In-House Use of SAP LeanIX
502
16.5 Summary
507
PART V Outlook and Conclusion
509
17 Next Big Trends in Architecture
511
17.1 AI-Supported Enterprise Architecture Transformation
512
17.1.1 Relevance of AI
513
17.1.2 Outlook
516
17.2 The Enterprise Architecture Network
517
17.2.1 Relevance of Enterprise Architecture Networks
518
17.2.2 Outlook
520
17.3 Enterprise Architecture-Driven Innovation
520
17.3.1 Relevance of Enterprise Architecture-Driven Innovation
520
17.3.2 Outlook
521
17.4 Continuous Clean Architecture
521
17.4.1 Relevance of Continuous Clean Architecture
522
17.4.2 Outlook
524
17.5 Global Networks for Enterprise Architecture
524
17.5.1 Relevance of the Metaverse
525
17.5.2 Outlook
526
17.6 Agile and Iterative Architecture
526
17.6.1 Relevance of Agile and Iterative Architecture
527
17.6.2 Outlook
529
17.7 Quantum Computing
529
17.7.1 Relevance of Quantum Computing
530
17.7.2 Outlook
533
17.8 Summary
534
18 Conclusion, Summary, and Key Takeaways
535
Appendices
545
A Abbreviations and Glossary
545
B The Authors
551
Index
553