Table of Contents

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Acknowledgments
15
Preface
17
1 Introduction and Overview
19
1.1 The Purpose of This Book
21
1.2 How This Book Is Organized
23
1.3 Summary
25
2 Basics of Profitability Analysis
27
2.1 Fundamental Principles
27
2.2 Profitability Analysis as Multidimensional Analysis
29
2.3 The Profitability Analysis Process
31
2.4 Break-Even Analysis
33
2.4.1 Revenues, Fixed and Variable Costs
33
2.4.2 Sunken Costs
34
2.5 Cost Classifications
34
2.5.1 Costs Based on Their Function
35
2.5.2 Costs Based on Activity
35
2.5.3 Costs Depending on When They’re Charged Against Revenues
35
2.5.4 Costs Depending on the Authority
36
2.5.5 Costs Based on Their Importance to Decision Making
36
2.6 Summary
37
3 Introducing CO-PA with SAP
39
3.1 General Overview of CO-PA
39
3.1.1 OLTP
40
3.1.2 OLAP
40
3.1.3 Linking OLTP and OLAP
41
3.1.4 SAP ERP ECC 6.0—Specific Recommendations
42
3.2 The SAP Profitability Model
43
3.3 Components of CO-PA
47
3.3.1 Accessing the IMG
49
3.3.2 Profitability Analysis Menu Items
49
3.3.3 Master Data
52
3.3.4 Planning
53
3.3.5 Flows of Actual Values
54
3.3.6 Information System
56
3.3.7 Tools
57
3.4 Working with SAP Operating Concern Templates
58
3.4.1 The Quickstart S_GO Operating Concern Template
59
3.4.2 Customizing
61
3.4.3 Application Examples: Prepare Application Examples
75
3.4.4 Application Examples: Perform Application Examples
76
3.4.5 Tools
78
3.5 Manually Activating an Operating Concern and Setting It as Current
78
3.6 Summary
81
4 Configuring Costing-Based CO-PA
83
4.1 General CO-PA Overview
83
4.2 Costing-Based CO-PA versus Account-Based CO-PA
85
4.3 Creating Characteristics and Value Fields
88
4.4 Maintaining an Operating Concern
96
4.4.1 Accessing and Creating Operating Concerns
96
4.4.2 Creating User-Defined Value Fields and Characteristics Within an Operating Concern
101
4.4.3 Specifying the Operating Concern Currency
103
4.5 Defining Profitability Segments and CO-PA Exceptions
104
4.5.1 Profitability Segments Overview
104
4.5.2 Exceptions Overview
105
4.5.3 Automatically Excluded Characteristics
105
4.5.4 Defining Profitability Segment Characteristics
106
4.5.5 Creating Exceptions
107
4.5.6 Exception Recommendations
110
4.6 Operating Concern Attributes Tab
111
4.7 Assigning a Controlling Area to an Operating Concern
114
4.7.1 Reviewing Controlling Area Components and Verifying the Existence of Operating Concerns
114
4.7.2 Assigning a Company Code to a Controlling Area
117
4.8 Activating CO-PA in R/3 or SAP ERP ECC 6.0
121
4.8.1 Checking the Current Profitability Analysis Activation Status
121
4.8.2 Performing the Activation
122
4.8.3 Verifying the Activation
125
4.9 CO-PA: Additional Functionalities
126
4.9.1 Import Operating Concern
128
4.9.2 Copy Operating Concern
129
4.9.3 Copy Specific Objects
130
4.10 Performing CO-PA Transports
132
4.10.1 Automatic Transport or Manual Transport
135
4.10.2 Client-Specific and Cross-Client Settings
136
4.10.3 Transporting Translated Settings
137
4.10.4 Transporting CO-PA Assessment Cycles
139
4.10.5 Transporting CO-PA Layouts
142
4.10.6 Transporting Planning Levels
145
4.11 Summary
146
5 Master Data in CO-PA
149
5.1 Components of Master Data Menus in CO-PA
149
5.2 Maintaining Characteristic Values
151
5.2.1 Define Characteristics Hierarchy
153
5.2.2 Derivation, Derivation Tables, and Rules Overview
159
5.2.3 Creating Characteristic Derivations and Derivation Rules
170
5.2.4 Valuation in CO-PA
186
5.3 Working with Valuation Methods
189
5.3.1 Working with Material Cost Estimates
191
5.3.2 Working with Conditions and Costing Sheets
197
5.3.3 Assigning Condition Types to CO-PA Value Fields
205
5.4 Valuation Strategies
207
5.5 Summary
213
6 Introduction to CO-PA Planning
215
6.1 Overview
215
6.2 The Framework of Corporate Planning: Sales and Profit Planning in CO-PA
218
6.3 Planning with CO-PA or SAP NetWeaver BI
221
6.4 A First Look at the CO-PA Planning Framework
224
6.5 Number Ranges for Planning Data
229
6.6 Maintaining Versions
230
6.7 Planning with the CO-PA Planning Framework
232
6.7.1 Planning Levels
233
6.7.2 Planning Package
234
6.7.3 Working with Planning Methods, Parameter Sets, and Planning Layouts
237
6.7.4 Planning Variables
245
6.8 The Report Painter and CO-PA Planning Layouts
249
6.9 Planning Profiles
254
6.10 Summary
260
7 CO-PA Planning: Configuration
261
7.1 Basic Planning Methods in the CO-PA Planning Framework
261
7.1.1 Enter Planning Data
262
7.1.2 Display Planning Data
262
7.1.3 Copy
263
7.1.4 Forecast
267
7.1.5 Valuation
276
7.1.6 Revaluation
276
7.1.7 Ratios
280
7.1.8 Delete
291
7.2 Planning Sequences
293
7.3 Configuring CO-PA Assessments Cycles
295
7.3.1 Configuring Allocations and Assessment Cycles
298
7.3.2 Creating a CO-PA Assessment Cycle
304
7.4 Top-Down Distribution
311
7.5 Summary
316
8 Flows of Actual Values: Transferring Actual Data into CO-PA
319
8.1 Overview
320
8.2 General Review of the CO-PA Flows of Actual Values Menu
322
8.3 Transfer of Incoming Sales Orders
324
8.3.1 Activating the Transfer of Incoming Sales Orders
328
8.3.2 Correct Errors in Sales Orders
331
8.3.3 Post Existing Sales Orders to CO-PA
334
8.4 Transfer of Billing Documents
338
8.5 Order and Project Settlement
341
8.5.1 Define a PA Transfer Structure for Settlement
342
8.5.2 Assign a PA Transfer Structure to a Settlement Profile
344
8.6 Direct Posting from FI/MM
350
8.6.1 Maintain PA Transfer Structure for Direct Postings
351
8.6.2 Automatic Account Assignment
355
8.7 Settlement of Production Variances
358
8.8 Transfer of Overhead
360
8.9 Summary
362
9 CO-PA Reporting: Basics
363
9.1 CO-PA Reporting Scenarios
364
9.2 Working with Reports in CO-PA
367
9.2.1 Report Types
368
9.2.2 Creating a Basic Report
369
9.2.3 Creating Reports Based on Line Items
380
9.3 Working with Forms
384
9.4 Summary
390
10 CO-PA Reporting: Configuration
391
10.1 Predefining Headers and Footers
391
10.1.1 Frames
393
10.1.2 General Variables
395
10.1.3 Selection Parameters
397
10.1.4 Footers
399
10.2 Defining Variables in Reports
400
10.3 CO-PA Reporting: Best Practices
409
10.3.1 Creating Frozen Reports
411
10.3.2 Key Figure Schemes
421
10.3.3 Improving Performance in Reports and Forms Using Summarization Levels
431
10.4 Summary
434
11 Working with Account-Based CO-PA
435
11.1 Differences between Costing-Based and Account-Based CO-PA
435
11.1.1 Defining Cost Elements for CO-PA
436
11.1.2 Changing the Operating Concern from Costing-Based to Account-Based CO-PA
439
11.1.3 Controlling Areas and Account-Based CO-PA
439
11.1.4 Currencies and Account-Based CO-PA
440
11.1.5 Data Structures and Data Retention
440
11.1.6 Characteristic Derivation and Valuation
441
11.1.7 Actual Data Flow and Data Transfer
441
11.1.8 Profitability Analysis Reports
442
11.1.9 Assessment of Cost Center Costs
443
11.1.10 Order and Project Settlement
443
11.1.11 Internal Activity Allocation
443
11.1.12 Work in Process (WIP) and Results Analysis (RA)
444
11.1.13 Conclusion
455
11.2 Sales and Profit Planning
456
11.3 External Data Transfer
456
11.4 Summary
456
12 Tips and Tricks with CO-PA
459
12.1 Integrate Planning Layouts with Microsoft Excel
459
12.2 Working with Summarization Levels
462
12.3 Performing Report Splitting
469
12.4 Working with the Report-Report Interface (RRI)
471
12.5 Final Tips
476
12.6 Summary
477
13 Enhancing CO-PA with SAP BusinessObjects Tools
479
13.1 CO-PA Integration with SAP Business Analytics
480
13.1.1 Existing Technologies in the Business Analytics Suite
480
13.1.2 SAP BusinessObjects Tools—Activating Pre-Delivered CO-PA Functionality Available in SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse
483
13.1.3 What Tools Should I Use?
488
13.2 SAP BusinessObjects Integration with CO-PA Structures
489
13.3 Comparing SAP BusinessObjects Planning and Consolidation (BPC) and CO-PA
492
13.3.1 Deciding if SAP BPC is Right for You
494
13.3.2 General Overview of the SAP BPC Extraction and Upload Process
500
13.4 SAP High Performance Analytic Appliance (HANA) and In-Memory Computing
511
13.4.1 Capabilities Overview
512
13.4.2 SAP HANA Architecture
515
13.4.3 A New Platform to Support a Variety of Tools
518
13.4.4 A Quick Scenario: CO-PA and SAP HANA
520
13.5 Summary
526
14 Concluding Remarks
529
Appendices
533
A Glossary
535
B Bibliography
539
C The Author
541
Index
543