Table of Contents

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Preface
21
Objective of This Book
21
Target Audience
22
Organization of This Book
22
How to Read This Book
25
New (Greenfield) Implementations
25
System Conversion (Brownfield) Implementations
26
Introduction
29
Your New SAP S/4HANA System
29
SAP HANA Database
29
SAP S/4HANA
32
Your New Finance Solution
33
Advances in Finance
33
SAP Fiori User Experience
39
Configuration Interface
42
Summary
43
1 Project Preparation
45
1.1 Defining Your Project Objectives
45
1.2 Comparing Greenfield versus Brownfield Implementations
47
1.3 Defining the Project Scope
49
1.4 Defining the Project Timeline
50
1.5 Assembling the Project Team
52
1.6 Summary
54
2 Requirements Analysis
55
2.1 Template Requirements Analysis
56
2.1.1 Financial Accounting
56
2.1.2 Controlling
60
2.1.3 Integration with Logistics
61
2.2 Localization Fit/Gap Analysis
62
2.2.1 Localization Overview
62
2.2.2 Local Accounting Standards
63
2.2.3 Local Tax Requirements
64
2.2.4 Other Local Requirements
65
2.3 Summary
66
3 Financial Accounting Global Settings
69
3.1 The New Finance Data Model in SAP S/4HANA
69
3.1.1 Universal Journal
70
3.1.2 Real-Time Integration with Controlling
72
3.2 Organizational Structure
72
3.2.1 Company
73
3.2.2 Company Code
74
3.2.3 Controlling Area
81
3.2.4 Operating Concern
85
3.3 Ledgers
87
3.4 Document Types
91
3.4.1 Document Type Settings
92
3.4.2 Number Ranges
94
3.4.3 Document Types for Entry View in a Ledger
95
3.5 Currencies
97
3.5.1 Currency Types
97
3.5.2 Exchange Rate Type
98
3.5.3 Exchange Rates
99
3.6 Taxes
100
3.6.1 Tax Procedure
100
3.6.2 Tax Codes
106
3.7 Summary
109
4 General Ledger
111
4.1 Master Data
111
4.1.1 Chart of Accounts
112
4.1.2 Account Groups
114
4.1.3 General Ledger Accounts
115
4.2 Document Splitting
121
4.2.1 Document Splitting Characteristics
122
4.2.2 Classification of General Ledger Accounts for Document Splitting
123
4.2.3 Classification of Document Types for Document Splitting
124
4.2.4 Defining Document Splitting Characteristics for General Ledger Accounting
126
4.2.5 Defining Zero-Balance Clearing Account
127
4.3 Automatic Postings and Account Determination
128
4.3.1 Purchasing Flows
129
4.3.2 Sales Flows
130
4.3.3 Automatic Postings in Financial Accounting
131
4.4 Periodic Processing and Financial Closing
134
4.4.1 Posting Periods
134
4.4.2 Intercompany Reconciliation
137
4.4.3 Foreign Currency Valuation
138
4.4.4 Account Clearing
141
4.4.5 Balance Carry-Forward
142
4.5 Information System
143
4.5.1 Balance Reports
143
4.5.2 Financial Statements
144
4.5.3 Tax Reports
147
4.5.4 Drilldown Reporting
148
4.6 SAP Fiori Applications
149
4.6.1 Post General Journal Entries App
150
4.6.2 Upload General Journal Entries App
150
4.7 Summary
151
5 Accounts Payable
153
5.1 Business Partner
153
5.1.1 General Data
154
5.1.2 Company Code Data
155
5.1.3 Business Partner Configuration
156
5.2 Business Transactions
161
5.2.1 Incoming Invoices/Credit Memos in Financial Accounting
161
5.2.2 Posting with Alternative Reconciliation Account
163
5.2.3 Incoming Invoices/Credit Memos from Materials Management
165
5.2.4 Tax Determination in the Purchasing Process
167
5.2.5 Goods Receipt/Invoice Receipt Clearing
171
5.2.6 Payment Terms and Outgoing Payments
174
5.2.7 Integration with Vendor Invoice Management
179
5.3 Information System
179
5.3.1 Master Data Reports
180
5.3.2 Balance Reports
181
5.3.3 Line-Item Reports
183
5.4 Summary
188
6 Accounts Receivable
191
6.1 Business Partners
191
6.1.1 General Data
191
6.1.2 Company Code Data
193
6.1.3 Sales Data
195
6.1.4 Business Partner Configuration
197
6.2 Business Transactions
206
6.2.1 Outgoing Invoices/Credit Memos in Financial Accounting
206
6.2.2 Outgoing Invoices/Credit Memos in Sales and Distribution
211
6.2.3 Pricing Procedure in Sales
212
6.2.4 Incoming Payments and Payment Terms
214
6.3 Taxes
216
6.3.1 Taxes in Financial Accounting Invoices
216
6.3.2 Tax Determination in the Sales Process
217
6.4 Information System
223
6.4.1 Master Data Reports
223
6.4.2 Balance Reports
225
6.4.3 Line-Item Reports
227
6.5 Summary
228
7 Fixed Assets
231
7.1 Organizational Structures
232
7.1.1 Chart of Depreciation
232
7.1.2 Depreciation Areas
235
7.1.3 Asset Classes
238
7.2 Master Data
241
7.2.1 Screen Layout
242
7.2.2 Account Determination
247
7.2.3 Number Ranges
251
7.2.4 User Fields and Asset Supernumbers
253
7.2.5 Asset Numbers, Subnumbers, and Group Numbers
257
7.3 Business Transactions
259
7.3.1 Acquisitions
260
7.3.2 Transfers
262
7.3.3 Retirement
265
7.4 Valuation and Closing
267
7.4.1 New Asset Accounting Concept
267
7.4.2 Multiple Valuation Principles
268
7.4.3 Depreciation Key
269
7.4.4 Depreciation Run
273
7.4.5 Revaluation
274
7.4.6 Manual Value Correction
276
7.4.7 Year-End Closing Activities
277
7.5 Information System
279
7.5.1 Asset Explorer
279
7.5.2 Asset Balance Reports
281
7.5.3 Asset History Sheet
283
7.6 Summary
289
8 Bank Accounting
291
8.1 Master Data
291
8.1.1 Bank Keys
291
8.1.2 House Banks
295
8.1.3 Bank Accounts and International Bank Account Numbers
297
8.1.4 Simplified Bank General Ledger Accounts
299
8.2 Automatic Payment Program
301
8.2.1 Automatic Payment Program Parameters
301
8.2.2 Automatic Payment Program Global Settings
303
8.2.3 Payment Method
306
8.2.4 Bank Determination
312
8.2.5 Common Issues with the Payment Program
315
8.3 Payment Files
318
8.3.1 Single Euro Payments Area Payment Files
318
8.3.2 Other Common Formats
321
8.4 Electronic Bank Statements
323
8.4.1 Overview
323
8.4.2 Account Symbols
325
8.4.3 Posting Rules
326
8.4.4 Transaction Types
328
8.4.5 Reprocessing Rules
330
8.4.6 Editing Journal Entries during Simulation
331
8.5 Summary
332
9 General Controlling and Cost Element Accounting
333
9.1 General Controlling Settings
333
9.1.1 Maintaining Controlling Areas
334
9.1.2 Number Ranges
337
9.1.3 Versions
340
9.2 Master Data
343
9.2.1 Cost Elements
343
9.2.2 Cost Element Groups
345
9.3 Actual Postings
347
9.3.1 Manual Reposting
347
9.3.2 Activity Allocation
350
9.4 Summary
353
10 Cost Center Accounting
355
10.1 Master Data
355
10.1.1 Cost Centers
356
10.1.2 Cost Center Groups
365
10.1.3 Activity Types
369
10.1.4 Statistical Key Figures
372
10.2 Actual Postings
373
10.2.1 Automatic Account Assignment
374
10.2.2 Substitutions for Account Assignment
375
10.3 Periodic Allocations
379
10.3.1 Accrual Calculation
380
10.3.2 Distribution
381
10.3.3 Assessment
387
10.3.4 Activity Allocation
394
10.4 Planning
395
10.4.1 Basic Settings for Planning
396
10.4.2 Manual Planning
397
10.5 Information System
401
10.5.1 Standard Reports
402
10.5.2 User-Defined Reports
404
10.6 Summary
408
11 Internal Orders
409
11.1 Master Data
409
11.1.1 Order Types
411
11.1.2 Screen Layouts
414
11.1.3 Number Ranges
417
11.1.4 Creating Internal Orders
420
11.2 Budgeting
425
11.3 Actual Postings and Periodic Allocations
430
11.3.1 Settlement
430
11.3.2 Periodic Reposting
437
11.4 Planning
441
11.4.1 Basic Settings
441
11.4.2 Statistical Key Figures
443
11.4.3 Allocations
445
11.5 Information System
446
11.5.1 Standard Reports
447
11.5.2 Report Painter Reports
450
11.5.3 Internal Orders Plan/Actual App
454
11.6 Summary
455
12 Profit Center Accounting
457
12.1 Master Data
458
12.1.1 Profit Centers
458
12.1.2 Profit Center Groups
463
12.1.3 Standard Hierarchies
465
12.2 Profit Center Derivation
466
12.2.1 Account Assignment Objects
466
12.2.2 Document Splitting
468
12.2.3 Profit Center Substitution
469
12.3 Information System
474
12.3.1 Standard Reporting
474
12.3.2 Drilldown Reporting
479
12.4 Summary
484
13 Margin Analysis
487
13.1 Overview of Margin Analysis
487
13.1.1 Costing-Based Profitability Analysis
488
13.1.2 Account-Based Profitability Analysis/Margin Analysis
489
13.2 Master Data
490
13.2.1 Operating Concern
490
13.2.2 Data Structure
491
13.2.3 Operating Concern Attributes
500
13.2.4 Characteristics Hierarchy
502
13.2.5 Characteristic Derivation
504
13.3 Data Flow
506
13.3.1 Invoice Value Flow
506
13.3.2 Overhead Costs Flow
513
13.3.3 Top-Down Distribution
521
13.3.4 Production Costs Flow
522
13.4 Integrated Planning
526
13.4.1 Planning Framework
526
13.4.2 Planning Elements
527
13.5 Information System
533
13.5.1 Line-Item Lists
534
13.5.2 Drilldown Reporting
536
13.6 Summary
539
14 Predictive Accounting
541
14.1 Configuration
541
14.1.1 Ledger Settings
542
14.1.2 Mapping the Predictive Ledger
544
14.1.3 Activate Extension Ledger
545
14.1.4 Activate Predictive Accounting for Sales Orders
546
14.1.5 Maintain Billing Types for Predictive Accounting
547
14.1.6 Maintain Sales Order Item Categories for Predictive Accounting
548
14.2 Data Flow
549
14.2.1 Sales Orders
550
14.2.2 Goods Movements and Billing Documents
553
14.3 Information System
556
14.3.1 Incoming Sales Orders – Flexible Analysis App
556
14.3.2 Display Journal Entries – In T-Account App
559
14.4 Summary
561
15 Product Costing
563
15.1 Master Data
563
15.1.1 Material Master
564
15.1.2 Bill of Materials
569
15.1.3 Work Center
570
15.1.4 Routing
571
15.2 Product Cost Planning
573
15.2.1 Costing Variant Components
574
15.2.2 Creating the Costing Variant
586
15.2.3 Cost Component Structure
591
15.2.4 Costing Sheet
596
15.2.5 Material Cost Estimates
603
15.3 Actual Costing and Material Ledger
606
15.3.1 Overview and Material Ledger Activation
607
15.3.2 Multiple Currencies and Valuations
608
15.3.3 Material Ledger Update
609
15.3.4 Actual Costing
614
15.3.5 Actual Costing Cockpit
615
15.4 Information System
616
15.4.1 Product Cost Planning
616
15.4.2 Actual Costing and Material Ledger
618
15.4.3 Drilldown Reporting
620
15.5 Summary
621
16 Group Reporting
623
16.1 Group Reporting Basics
623
16.1.1 What Is Group Reporting?
624
16.1.2 Historical Group Reporting in SAP
624
16.1.3 Key Benefits
625
16.2 Global Settings
626
16.2.1 Prerequisites
627
16.2.2 Consolidation Ledgers
627
16.2.3 Consolidation Versions
629
16.2.4 Multiple Group Currencies and Extension Consolidation Versions
631
16.2.5 Dimensions
633
16.3 Data Collection and Consolidation Configuration
634
16.3.1 Financial Statement Items
634
16.3.2 Subitem Categories and Subitems
636
16.3.3 Document Types
639
16.3.4 Number Ranges
643
16.3.5 Data Collection Tasks
644
16.3.6 Consolidation of Investments Methods
646
16.3.7 Task Groups
648
16.4 Summary
651
17 Data Migration
653
17.1 Brownfield Implementation Migration
653
17.1.1 Check Programs for SAP S/4HANA Readiness
654
17.1.2 Migration to SAP S/4HANA
657
17.2 Greenfield Implementation Migration
664
17.2.1 Migration Options
664
17.2.2 Migration Cockpit and Migration Object Modeler
665
17.2.3 Legacy Data Load
676
17.3 Financial Migration Objects
677
17.3.1 General Ledger Data
677
17.3.2 Accounts Payable and Accounts Receivable Data
679
17.3.3 Fixed Assets Data
679
17.3.4 Controlling-Related Data
682
17.4 Summary
683
18 Testing
685
18.1 The Testing Process
685
18.1.1 Test Plan
686
18.1.2 Testing Tools
687
18.1.3 Testing Documentation
689
18.2 Unit Testing
691
18.2.1 Sandbox Client Testing
691
18.2.2 Unit Testing Client Testing
692
18.3 Integration Testing
693
18.3.1 Planning
693
18.3.2 Phases
694
18.3.3 Documentation
696
18.4 User Acceptance Testing
697
18.4.1 Planning
698
18.4.2 Execution
698
18.4.3 Documentation
700
18.5 Summary
702
19 Go-Live and Support
703
19.1 Preparation for the Go-Live
703
19.1.1 Choosing a Go-Live Date
703
19.1.2 Defining a Cutover Plan and Responsibilities
704
19.1.3 Preparing a Backup Plan
705
19.2 Activities during the Go-Live
706
19.2.1 Technical Activities
706
19.2.2 Financial Accounting Activities
706
19.2.3 Controlling Activities
709
19.3 Validation of the Go-Live
713
19.3.1 Project Team Validation
713
19.3.2 Subject Matter Expert Validation
713
19.4 Hypercare Production Support
714
19.4.1 The First Day
714
19.4.2 Background Jobs
715
19.4.3 Managing Critical Support Incidents
717
19.4.4 Organizing Long-Term Support
717
19.5 Summary
718
A Obsolete and New Transaction Codes and Tables in SAP S/4HANA
721
B The Author
725
Index
727