Table of Contents

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Acknowledgments
25
Preface
27
Structure and Content
27
1 Financial Accounting in SAP ERP Financials
31
1.1 SAP ERP 6.0
31
1.1.1 Key Functional Solutions
32
1.1.2 Enhancement Package 8
33
1.2 SAP ERP Financials
37
1.2.1 Key Functionality
37
1.2.2 Business Benefits
39
1.3 Financial Accounting
39
1.3.1 What’s New
40
1.3.2 Components
42
1.4 Summary
45
2 Customizing SAP
47
2.1 The Implementation Guide
48
2.1.1 Implementation Guide Settings
48
2.1.2 Implementation Guide Variants
50
2.1.3 Logical Components of the Implementation Guide
51
2.2 Creating a Customizing Project
53
2.3 Alternative Method to Customizing through IMG
59
2.4 Summary
59
3 Enterprise Structure
61
3.1 Organizational Units in Financial Accounting
62
3.2 Localize Sample Organizational Units
63
3.3 Define Company
67
3.4 Define Company Code
70
3.4.1 Create Company Code without Copying from an Existing Company Code
72
3.4.2 Create Company Code by Copying an Existing Company Code
75
3.4.3 Assign Company Code to Company
78
3.5 Define Credit Control Area
79
3.5.1 Centralized Credit Management
80
3.5.2 Decentralized Credit Management
81
3.5.3 Mixed Credit Management
82
3.5.4 Assign Company Code to Credit Control Area
86
3.6 Define Business Area
87
3.7 Define Segments
91
3.8 Define Financial Management Area
93
3.8.1 Define Financial Management Area
94
3.8.2 Assign Company Code to Financial Management Area
97
3.9 Define Functional Area
98
3.10 Define Controlling Area
100
3.10.1 Create New Controlling Area
101
3.10.2 Assign Controlling Area to Company Code
105
3.11 Define Profit Centers
106
3.12 Summary
112
4 Global Settings: Company Code Global Parameters
113
4.1 Activate SAP General Ledger Accounting
113
4.2 Fiscal Year and Posting Periods
115
4.2.1 Types of Fiscal Years
115
4.2.2 Maintain Fiscal Year Variant (Maintain Shortened Fiscal Year)
120
4.2.3 Define Variants for Open Posting Periods
125
4.2.4 Open and Close Posting Periods
127
4.3 Settings for Standard Fields
130
4.3.1 Maintain Transaction Types for Consolidation
131
4.3.2 Activate Cost of Sales Accounting for Preparation
133
4.3.3 Enter Functional Area
134
4.4 Settings for Customer Fields
135
4.4.1 Edit Coding Block
135
4.4.2 Include Fields in a Totals Table
138
4.4.3 Define Master Data Check
139
4.4.4 Include Customer Fields in Enjoy Transactions
141
4.4.5 Define Subscreens for Coding Blocks
142
4.5 Field Status
143
4.5.1 Define Field Status Variants
146
4.5.2 Assign Company Codes to Field Status Variants
148
4.6 Ledgers for SAP General Ledger Accounting
148
4.6.1 Define Ledgers for SAP General Ledger Accounting
149
4.6.2 Define Currencies of Leading Ledger
150
4.6.3 Define and Activate Non-Leading Ledgers
153
4.6.4 Define Ledger Group
154
4.6.5 Display Scenarios for SAP General Ledger Accounting
157
4.6.6 Activate Cost of Sales Accounting
159
4.7 Parallel Accounting
160
4.7.1 Define Accounting Principles
161
4.7.2 Assign Accounting Principle to Ledger Groups
162
4.7.3 Assign Valuation Areas and Accounting Principles
162
4.8 Real-Time Integration of Controlling with Financial Accounting
164
4.8.1 Define Variants for Real-Time Integration
165
4.8.2 Assign Variants for Real-Time Integration to Company Codes
167
4.9 Chart of Accounts
168
4.9.1 Revise Chart of Accounts
170
4.9.2 Assign Company Code to Chart of Accounts
172
4.10 Enter Company Code Global Parameters
172
4.11 Summary
179
5 Global Settings: Documents
181
5.1 Document Components
182
5.2 Document Types
186
5.2.1 Define Document Types for Entry View
187
5.2.2 Define Document Types for Entry View in a Ledger
191
5.2.3 Define Document Types for the SAP General Ledger View
192
5.3 Document Numbering
192
5.3.1 Types of Number Assignment
192
5.3.2 Number Range Validity
194
5.3.3 Changing/Deleting Number Ranges
194
5.3.4 Number Range for Reversal Documents
195
5.3.5 Number Range for Special Documents
195
5.3.6 Document Storage
195
5.3.7 Define Document Number Ranges for the Entry View
196
5.4 Document Change Rules
199
5.4.1 Document Change Rules, Document Header
200
5.4.2 Document Change Rules, Line Item
200
5.5 Posting Keys
201
5.6 Tolerance Groups
203
5.6.1 Define Tolerance Groups for Employees
204
5.6.2 Assign Users to Tolerance Groups
209
5.7 Define Texts for Line Items
209
5.8 Default Values
211
5.8.1 Define Default Values
211
5.8.2 Enable Fiscal Year Default
212
5.8.3 Default Value Date
213
5.8.4 Change Message Control for Document Processing
213
5.9 Document Parking
214
5.9.1 Change the Posting Date for Parking Documents
215
5.9.2 Develop Enhancements for Parking Documents
216
5.10 Validation and Substitution in Accounting Documents
216
5.10.1 Validation in Accounting Documents
216
5.10.2 Substitution in Accounting Documents
219
5.11 Account Document Archiving
221
5.11.1 Archiving, Account Type Life
221
5.11.2 Archiving, Document Life
223
5.12 Summary
224
6 Global Settings: Tax, Inflation Accounting, and Correspondence
225
6.1 Tax on Sales and Purchases
226
6.1.1 Basic Settings
227
6.1.2 Calculation
243
6.1.3 Posting
249
6.2 Withholding Tax
251
6.2.1 Activate Extended Withholding Tax
253
6.2.2 Basic Settings
254
6.2.3 Calculation
257
6.2.4 Posting
271
6.2.5 Certificate Numbering for Withholding Tax
273
6.2.6 Report
276
6.2.7 Withholding Tax Changeover
281
6.3 Inflation Accounting
284
6.3.1 Configuration Settings
285
6.3.2 Inflation Calculation
289
6.4 Correspondence
290
6.4.1 Using Correspondence Types
290
6.4.2 Assign Print Programs for Correspondence Types
291
6.4.3 Define Sender Details for Correspondence Form
292
6.4.4 Determine Call-Up Functions
293
6.4.5 Develop Enhancements for Correspondence
293
6.5 Integration with SAP Shared Services Framework
294
6.5.1 Manual Creation of Service Requests
295
6.5.2 Automatic Creation of a Service Request at the Message Level
296
6.5.3 Determine Service Request Attributes from Application Context
296
6.5.4 Set Service Request Values
297
6.6 Summary
298
7 SAP General Ledger Accounting
301
7.1 SAP General Ledger Architecture
302
7.1.1 Totals Table
302
7.1.2 Ledger-Specific Line Item Tables
304
7.1.3 Table for Storing Valuations for Year-End Closing in Selected Parallel Ledgers (BSEG_ADD)
304
7.2 New Features in SAP General Ledger
304
7.2.1 Ledger Concept
306
7.2.2 Functionality
308
7.3 SAP General Ledger Account Master Data
316
7.3.1 Preparations
317
7.3.2 SAP General Ledger Account Creation and Processing
324
7.3.3 Cost Elements/Cost Element Groups
338
7.3.4 Statistical Key Figures
339
7.4 Business Transactions
341
7.4.1 Adjustment Posting and Reversal
341
7.4.2 Bank Account Interest Calculation
343
7.4.3 Prepare Cross-Company Code Transactions
357
7.4.4 Document Splitting
359
7.4.5 Manual Accrual
369
7.4.6 Open Item Clearing
385
7.5 Periodic Processing
395
7.5.1 Planning
395
7.5.2 Closing Operations
402
7.6 Reorganization
407
7.6.1 Prerequisites for a Reorganization
409
7.6.2 Segment Reorganization
412
7.6.3 Profit Center Reorganization
412
7.7 Preparation for Productive Start
412
7.7.1 New Implementation
413
7.7.2 Migration from Classic G/L to SAP G/L Accounting
414
7.8 Tools
421
7.9 DataSources in SAP G/L Accounting
422
7.10 Reporting
424
7.11 Summary
426
8 Accounts Payable
429
8.1 Vendor Master Data
430
8.1.1 Function and Structure
431
8.1.2 Preparatory Settings to Create Master Data
432
8.1.3 Creation of Vendor Master Records
436
8.2 Business Transactions
441
8.2.1 Maintain Terms of Payment
441
8.2.2 Define Cash Discount Base for Incoming Invoices
445
8.2.3 Release for Payment
445
8.3 Outgoing Payments
454
8.3.1 Global Settings
454
8.3.2 Manual Outgoing Payments
458
8.3.3 Automatic Outgoing Payments
465
8.3.4 Define Payment Forms
486
8.4 Reporting
489
8.5 Summary
491
9 Accounts Receivable
493
9.1 Customer Account Master Data
494
9.1.1 Structure
494
9.1.2 Prepare for Creating Customer Masters
495
9.1.3 Creating Customer Master Records
501
9.2 Business Transactions
506
9.2.1 Maintain Terms of Payment
506
9.2.2 Define Cash Discount Base for Outgoing Invoices
507
9.2.3 Define Tax Accounts for Outgoing Invoices
507
9.2.4 Incoming Payments
508
9.2.5 Payments with Payment Cards
511
9.2.6 Down Payment Received
514
9.2.7 Debit-Side and Credit-Side Down Payment Chains
516
9.3 Credit Management
522
9.3.1 Assign Permitted Credit Control Areas to Company Code
523
9.3.2 Define Preliminary Settings for Credit Management
523
9.3.3 Define Groups
526
9.3.4 Define Risk Categories
527
9.3.5 Define Credit Representative Groups
528
9.3.6 Define Credit Representatives
528
9.3.7 Define Intervals for Days in Arrears in Credit Management
529
9.3.8 Credit Check: Static and Dynamic
530
9.4 Interest Calculation
532
9.4.1 Prepare Interest on Arrears Calculation
532
9.4.2 Prepare Item Interest Calculation
534
9.5 Dunning
536
9.5.1 Define Dunning Keys
539
9.5.2 Define Dunning Block Reasons
539
9.5.3 Define Dunning Forms
540
9.5.4 Define Dunning Procedures
541
9.5.5 Define Dunning Areas
553
9.5.6 Generate List for Dunning Configuration
554
9.6 Document Reconciliation
554
9.6.1 Parameters for Document Reconciliation
555
9.6.2 Local Intercompany Document Reconciliation
556
9.6.3 Cross-System Intercompany Document Reconciliation
557
9.7 Closing Operations for FI-A/R and FI-A/P
561
9.7.1 Balance Carryforward
561
9.7.2 Balance Confirmation
562
9.7.3 Transfer/Sort Receivables and Payables
566
9.7.4 Value Adjustment
570
9.8 Analytics for Accounts Receivable
573
9.8.1 Components of SAP Accounts Receivable Rapid Mart
574
9.8.2 Analysis Supported
574
9.9 Reporting
578
9.10 Summary
578
10 Contract Accounts Receivable and Payable
581
10.1 Organizational Units
582
10.1.1 Set Up Company Code for Contract Accounts Receivable and Payable
582
10.1.2 Define Company Code Groups
584
10.1.3 Assign Company Codes to Company Code Groups
584
10.2 Basic Functions
586
10.2.1 Activate Additional Checks for Master Data Changes to a Business Partner
586
10.2.2 Contract Accounts
588
10.2.3 Postings and Documents
592
10.2.4 Open Item Management
596
10.2.5 Check Management
598
10.3 Business Transactions
599
10.3.1 Payments
599
10.3.2 Interest Calculation
604
10.3.3 Define Dunning Procedure
605
10.3.4 Configure Returns Reasons
606
10.4 Integration
607
10.4.1 Define Posting Specifications for SAP General Ledger Transfer
607
10.4.2 Sales and Distribution
609
10.4.3 SAP Cash Management
610
10.5 Information System
611
10.6 Summary
611
11 Bank Accounting
613
11.1 Bank Master Data
613
11.1.1 Bank Directory
614
11.1.2 House Banks
615
11.1.3 Define a Business Partner’s Bank
621
11.1.4 Define Lockboxes for House Banks
621
11.2 Bank Chains
623
11.2.1 Define Scenario
624
11.2.2 Activate Scenario
625
11.2.3 Create General Bank Chain
626
11.2.4 Define Partner-Specific Bank Chains
626
11.3 Business Transactions
627
11.3.1 Manual Bank Statement
627
11.3.2 Electronic Bank Statements
632
11.3.3 Lockbox Processing
635
11.3.4 Cash Journal
638
11.4 Summary
643
12 Asset Accounting
645
12.1 Organization Structures
646
12.1.1 Check Country-Specific Settings
646
12.1.2 Chart of Depreciation
648
12.2 Structuring Fixed Assets in Asset Accounting
654
12.3 Asset Classes
657
12.3.1 Generate Asset Classes from SAP General Ledger Accounts (One-to-One)
658
12.3.2 Manual Creation of Asset Classes
661
12.4 Valuation
667
12.4.1 Define Depreciation Areas
667
12.4.2 Specify Transfer of Acquisition and Production Cost Values
671
12.4.3 Specify Transfer of Depreciation Terms
672
12.4.4 Set Up Areas for Parallel Valuation
673
12.4.5 Define Depreciation Areas for Foreign Currencies
674
12.4.6 Specify the Use of Parallel Currencies
675
12.4.7 Determine Depreciation Areas in the Asset Class
675
12.4.8 Specify Maximum Amount for Low-Value Assets and Asset Classes
676
12.4.9 Specify Rounding of Net Book Value and Depreciation
677
12.4.10 Specify Changeover Amount
678
12.4.11 Specify Memo Value
679
12.5 Integrating Asset Accounting with SAP General Ledger
680
12.5.1 Define How Depreciation Areas Post to SAP General Ledger
681
12.5.2 Assign SAP General Ledger Accounts
681
12.5.3 Specify Posting Keys for Asset Posting
683
12.5.4 Assign Input Tax Indicator for Nontaxable Acquisitions
683
12.5.5 Change the Field Status Variant of the Asset SAP General Ledger Accounts
684
12.5.6 Specify Financial Statement Version for Asset Reports
685
12.5.7 Specify Document Type for Posting Depreciation
686
12.5.8 Specify Intervals and Posting Rules
687
12.5.9 Activate Account Assignment Objects
688
12.5.10 Specify Account Assignment Types for Account Assignment Objects
690
12.6 Depreciation
692
12.6.1 Depreciation Keys
693
12.6.2 Maintain Depreciation Key
696
12.6.3 Ordinary Depreciation
700
12.6.4 Special Depreciation
701
12.6.5 Unplanned Depreciation
701
12.7 Special Valuation
702
12.7.1 Reserves for Special Depreciation
702
12.7.2 Interest
703
12.7.3 Revaluation of Fixed Assets
704
12.8 Master Data: Screen Layout
706
12.8.1 Define Screen Layout for Asset Master Data
707
12.8.2 Define Screen Layout for Asset Depreciation Areas
709
12.8.3 Specify Tab Layout for Asset Master Record
710
12.9 Transactions
711
12.9.1 Define Transaction Types
711
12.9.2 Define Account Assignment Category for Asset Purchase Orders
712
12.9.3 Assign Accounts
713
12.9.4 Allow Down Payment Transaction Types in Asset Classes
713
12.9.5 Capitalization of Assets under Construction
714
12.10 Legacy Asset Data Transfer
716
12.10.1 Set Company Code Status
716
12.10.2 Specify the Sequence of Depreciation Areas
717
12.10.3 Time of Transfer and Data Transfer Parameters
717
12.10.4 Asset Data Transfer Methods
721
12.10.5 Special Considerations
723
12.11 Preparing for Production Startup
727
12.11.1 Maintain Authorizations
727
12.11.2 Assign Workflow Tasks
728
12.11.3 Check Consistency
729
12.11.4 Overview for Experts
730
12.11.5 Production Startup
731
12.12 Processing for Leased Assets
733
12.12.1 Acquisition of Leased Assets
733
12.12.2 Lease Payments
734
12.12.3 Retirement of Leased Assets
735
12.13 Processing for Closing
735
12.13.1 Depreciation Posting
735
12.13.2 Physical Inventory
738
12.13.3 Fiscal Year Change
739
12.13.4 Simulation
740
12.13.5 Year-End Closing
741
12.14 Customer Enhancements in Asset Accounting
741
12.15 Information System
742
12.15.1 Define Sort Versions for Asset Reports
743
12.15.2 Define Simulation Variants for Depreciation Reports
745
12.15.3 Asset History Sheet
745
12.16 Summary
747
13 Consolidation Preparation
749
13.1 General Specifications
750
13.1.1 Assign Scenarios and Customer Fields to Ledgers
751
13.1.2 SAP General Ledger and FS Charts of Accounts
752
13.1.3 Transaction Types
757
13.2 Company Consolidation
759
13.2.1 Master Data Assignments
759
13.2.2 Maintain Document Types for Transaction Processing
761
13.3 Summary
762
14 Lease Accounting
763
14.1 Lease Accounting Engine
764
14.2 Basic Settings
766
14.2.1 Assign Accounting Principles to Company Code
766
14.2.2 Create Company Code Grouping Key
767
14.2.3 Assign Company Code to Grouping Key
767
14.2.4 Assign Interest Calculation Method to Company Code
768
14.2.5 Specify Dates for Postings
769
14.3 Value Determination
770
14.3.1 Settings for Value Transfer
770
14.3.2 Value Determination Using Determination Method
774
14.3.3 Value Determination Using Substitution
776
14.4 Complete Mandatory Settings in Customizing
776
14.5 Reports
777
14.6 Summary
778
15 Travel Management
779
15.1 Travel Management Process Flow
780
15.2 Set Up Travel Management
782
15.3 Set Up Trip Number Ranges
784
15.4 Travel Request
786
15.4.1 Define Other Travel Services
787
15.4.2 Define Travel Mediums and Estimated Costs to Be Approved
788
15.5 Travel Planning
790
15.5.1 Master Data
790
15.5.2 Rates and Discounts
795
15.5.3 Trip Rules and Profiles
798
15.5.4 Travel Policy
801
15.5.5 Process Control
805
15.6 Travel Expenses
807
15.6.1 Master Data
807
15.6.2 Trip Reimbursement Amounts
812
15.6.3 Wage Types for Interfaces
814
15.6.4 Transfer to Financial Accounting
815
15.7 Employee Self-Service
817
15.8 Manager Self-Service
819
15.9 Mobile Travel Expenses
820
15.10 Integration of Travel Planning and Travel Expenses
821
15.10.1 Activate Request/Plan/Expense Report in Travel Manager and for Web Dynpro
821
15.10.2 Activate Integration: Travel Planning/Travel Expenses
822
15.11 Integration of Travel Management and Payroll
822
15.12 Workflow Scenarios in FI-TV
823
15.13 Reports
825
15.14 Summary
826
16 SAP Upgrade and Migration
829
16.1 SAP Upgrade
829
16.1.1 Technical and Functional Upgrade
830
16.1.2 SAP Enhancement Packages, Support Packages, and Support Package Stacks
830
16.1.3 Upgrade Strategy
832
16.1.4 Role of SAP Solution Manager in an SAP Upgrade
832
16.2 Upgrade Tools
834
16.2.1 Tools for the Plan Phase
835
16.2.2 Tools for the Build Phase
837
16.2.3 Tools for the Run Phase
840
16.2.4 Testing Tools
842
16.3 Upgrade Process
843
16.3.1 System Preparation
844
16.3.2 Transaction SPDD Adjustments
844
16.3.3 System Upgrade to SAP ERP 6.0
846
16.3.4 Transaction SPAU Adjustments
846
16.3.5 ABAP Remediation of Custom Developments
848
16.3.6 Testing and Issue Resolution
849
16.3.7 Cut-Over and Go-Live
849
16.3.8 Post Go-Live Support
849
16.4 Best Practices
850
16.5 Pitfalls and Issues
851
16.6 Migration
852
16.7 Summary
853
17 SAP Fiori
855
17.1 SAP Fiori 2.0
856
17.2 Types of SAP Fiori Apps
857
17.2.1 Implementing SAP Fiori
858
17.2.2 Upgrading to SAP Fiori 2.0
860
17.3 SAP Fiori for Smartphone/Tablet
861
17.4 SAP Fiori Launchpad
861
17.5 SAP Fiori Apps
864
17.5.1 Apps for Accounting
864
17.5.2 Apps Catalog
867
17.6 SAP Screen Personas
868
17.6.1 Flavors in SAP Screen Personas
868
17.6.2 SAP Fiori and SAP Screen Personas
870
17.7 Summary
871
18 Maintenance Tools
873
18.1 Factory Calendar
873
18.1.1 Set Up Factory Calendar
874
18.1.2 Define Factory Calendar per Currency
877
18.1.3 Assign Factory Calendar to Plants
877
18.1.4 Factory Calendar and Room Reservation Management
878
18.2 Schedule Manager
878
18.2.1 The User Interface
879
18.2.2 Individual Functions
883
18.3 Closing Cockpit
884
18.3.1 Schedule Manager versus Closing Cockpit
884
18.3.2 Components
885
18.3.3 Transactions
886
18.3.4 Configuration: Process Flow
886
18.4 Conclusion
891
The Author
893
Index
895