Table of Contents

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Foreword
15
Acknowledgments
17
1 Introduction
19
1.1 Who This Book Is For
21
1.2 Focus of This Book
22
1.3 Contents of This Book
22
2 SAP System Landscapes
25
2.1 SAP System Architecture
26
2.1.1 Three-Layer Architecture
26
2.1.2 Options for Using Different Combinations of Layers
28
2.2 Installation Options for SAP Systems
30
2.2.1 Scenario 1: Single Host Environment
30
2.2.2 Scenario 2: Distributed Installation
31
2.2.3 Scenario 3: Clustering the SAP Instances
31
2.2.4 Scenario 4: High Availability for SAP Solutions
32
2.3 Database Layer for IBM DB2 for LUW Environments
34
2.3.1 Database Partitioning
34
2.3.2 High Availability Disaster Recovery
35
2.3.3 DB2 pureScale
37
2.4 Three-System Landscape in Brief
38
2.5 SAP System Landscapes with More Than One Solution
40
2.5.1 SAP Business Suite on SAP NetWeaver
41
2.5.2 Mixing SAP Solutions
43
2.6 Software Logistics and System Landscape in Detail
44
2.6.1 Basics of ABAP Software Logistics
45
2.6.2 Enhancement of ABAP Software Logistics by CTS+
57
2.7 SAP Instance in Detail
63
2.7.1 Processes of an SAP Instance: Overview
64
2.7.2 Directories of an SAP Instance
66
2.8 Summary
68
3 Basics and Architecture of the IBM DB2 for LUW Database
71
3.1 Concepts and Basics of Relational Databases
71
3.1.1 Motivation and History
72
3.1.2 Tasks and Functions of Database Systems
73
3.1.3 Relational Data Model and SQL
77
3.1.4 Brief Overview of SQL
81
3.1.5 Implementation Techniques for DBMS
86
3.2 Process Architecture of the IBM DB2 for LUW Database
89
3.2.1 Engine Dispatchable Units (EDUs)
89
3.2.2 DB2 for LUW Processes
91
3.2.3 EDU Categories
93
3.2.4 Connection Process
98
3.2.5 EDUs: Special Purposes
100
3.3 Memory Management and Buffers
103
3.3.1 Instance Memory
105
3.3.2 Database Memory
108
3.3.3 Application Memory and Private Memory
111
3.3.4 Memory Settings and the Self-Tuning Memory Manager (STMM)
114
3.4 Tablespaces
119
3.4.1 Basis of DB2 for LUW Tablespaces
120
3.4.2 Automatic Storage
130
3.4.3 Tablespace Organization and Extension
133
3.4.4 Storage Groups and Multi-Temperature Storage
139
3.4.5 Reclaimable Storage
141
3.4.6 Table Compression
146
3.5 Transaction Logs and Trace Files
154
3.5.1 File System Structure in SAP Environments
154
3.5.2 DB2 for LUW Transaction Logs
157
3.5.3 Diagnostic Log and Trace Files
162
3.6 Parameters and Configuration of the DB2 for LUW Database
170
3.6.1 Environment Variables
171
3.6.2 DB2 for LUW Profile Registry
172
3.6.3 Configuration of the Database Manager (Instance)
176
3.6.4 Configuration of the Database
179
3.7 DB2 for LUW Security Concept
180
3.7.1 Authentication
181
3.7.2 Authorization and Privileges
185
3.7.3 Role-Based Security for SAP
193
3.8 Database Partitioning
195
3.8.1 Architecture of a Partitioned DB2 for LUW Database
196
3.8.2 Configuration and Partition Groups
200
3.8.3 Data Distribution in a Partitioned Database
204
3.9 High Availability Disaster Recovery
208
3.9.1 EDUs and the Synchronization Mode for HADR
209
3.9.2 Multiple Standby Functionality
212
3.9.3 Delayed Replay and Read on Standby Functions
213
3.9.4 DB2 for LUW Rolling Update
214
3.9.5 Virtual IP Addresses or Client Rerouting
214
3.9.6 Requirements and Cluster Software for HADR
215
3.10 DB2 pureScale Technology
217
3.10.1 Architecture of DB2 for LUW with pureScale Feature
218
3.10.2 Failure and Protection Scenarios
222
3.10.3 Working with pureScale
226
3.11 Summary
231
4 Lifecycle
233
4.1 Installation Planning
234
4.1.1 Installation Documentation
235
4.1.2 Sizing the SAP System
237
4.2 Installation of SAP Systems
243
4.2.1 Downloading the Software
243
4.2.2 Performing the Installation as a Central System Installation
249
4.2.3 Installation of Distributed Systems
265
4.2.4 Installation of Additional Partitions for the IBM DB2 Database Partitioning Feature
273
4.2.5 Installing SAP Systems Based on IBM DB2 with the pureScale Feature
276
4.3 Updating the SAP System
279
4.3.1 Applying Kernel Patches
279
4.3.2 Applying Patches to the SAP System
282
4.3.3 Applying Patches to the Database
289
4.4 Upgrade for SAP Systems
294
4.4.1 Upgrading the SAP Instance
295
4.4.2 SAP Enhancement Package Installation
300
4.4.3 Upgrading the Database Instance
301
4.5 System Copy
311
4.5.1 Database-Independent System Copy
312
4.5.2 IBM DB2 for LUW-Specific Procedure
314
4.6 Uninstalling SAP Systems
317
4.6.1 Uninstall SAP Systems using SPM or SAPinst
317
4.6.2 Deleting a Database Instance Manually
323
4.7 Summary
325
5 Administration Tools Inside and Outside the SAP System
327
5.1 Operating System Tools
327
5.1.1 Starting the Database
328
5.1.2 Stopping the Database
329
5.1.3 DB2 Command Line Processor
331
5.2 DBA Cockpit
335
5.2.1 DBA Cockpit UI
336
5.2.2 System Landscape
339
5.2.3 Performance
352
5.2.4 Space
390
5.2.5 Backup and Recovery
411
5.2.6 Configuration
413
5.2.7 Job
439
5.2.8 Alerts
445
5.2.9 Database Diagnostics
447
5.2.10 BW Administration
453
5.2.11 Favorites
456
5.3 Administrative Tools for Troubleshooting
458
5.3.1 db2cklog
459
5.3.2 db2diag
459
5.3.3 db6util
460
5.3.4 db2pd
460
5.3.5 db2support
461
5.3.6 Other Available Troubleshooting Tools
461
5.4 Summary
462
6 Backup, Restore, and Recovery
463
6.1 Infrastructure Planning
464
6.2 Objects That Need Data Backup
466
6.2.1 Objects of the DB2 for LUW Database
467
6.2.2 Objects of the DB2 for LUW Database Software
468
6.2.3 Objects of the DB2 for LUW Instance
468
6.2.4 Objects of the SAP System
468
6.2.5 Objects of the Operating System
469
6.3 Data Backup Methods
470
6.3.1 Data Export
471
6.3.2 Offline Data Backup
472
6.3.3 Online Data Backup
474
6.4 Recovery Methods
476
6.4.1 Restore versus Recovery
477
6.4.2 Steps of Restore and Recovery
479
6.4.3 Restore and Recovery from an Offline Data Backup
481
6.4.4 Restore and Recovery from an Online Data Backup
482
6.5 Recovery Scenarios
483
6.5.1 Partial Restore and Complete Recovery
484
6.5.2 Database Reset
485
6.5.3 Point-in-Time Recovery
486
6.5.4 Full Restore and Complete Recovery
488
6.5.5 Disaster Recovery
489
6.6 Backup Strategies
490
6.6.1 General Notes and Concepts
490
6.6.2 Big Databases and Their Data Backup
495
6.7 DB2 for LUW Backup and Restore Tools
501
6.7.1 Setup for Log Archiving
501
6.7.2 Data Backup with the BACKUP DATABASE Command
509
6.7.3 Restore and Recovery with the RECOVER DATABASE Command
527
6.7.4 Restore with the RESTORE DATABASE and ROLLFORWARD DATABASE Commands
533
6.7.5 Changing the Hardware Platform using Backup and Restore
546
6.7.6 The History File
547
6.8 Integration with DB2 for LUW in HP Data Protector
554
6.8.1 Platform and Integration Support
554
6.8.2 DB2 for LUW Integration Concept
555
6.8.3 Integrating DB2 for LUW and Creating Backup Specifications
557
6.8.4 Restore and Recovery
569
6.9 Summary
573
7 Monitoring DB2 SAP Systems with SAP Solution Manager
575
7.1 Event Monitoring
576
7.1.1 Event Types
577
7.1.2 Creating and Activating Event Monitors
585
7.1.3 Event Monitoring Output Options
587
7.1.4 Listing Event Monitors
592
7.1.5 Formatting Collected Data from Files and Pipes
592
7.2 Monitoring with SAP Solution Manager 7.1
592
7.2.1 Technical Background
593
7.2.2 Monitoring Parameters in SAP Solution Manager
608
7.2.3 Monitoring Alerts in SAP Solution Manager
614
7.3 Configuration of IBM DB2 10.1 LUW Monitoring with SAP Solution Manager 7.1
616
7.3.1 SAP Host Agent Installation
616
7.3.2 System Preparation/Basic Configuration
617
7.3.3 SAP Diagnostic Agent Installation
617
7.3.4 Connecting SAP Systems to the SLD
618
7.3.5 Managed System Configuration
620
7.3.6 Technical Monitoring Configuration
627
7.3.7 Template Configuration
629
7.4 Technical Monitoring Operations with SAP Solution Manager 7.1
641
7.4.1 Service Desk
641
7.4.2 Alert Inbox/System Monitoring
642
7.5 Summary
645
8 SAP NetWeaver Business Warehouse and IBM DB2 for LUW
647
8.1 SAP NetWeaver BW: An Overview
647
8.1.1 Business Content
650
8.1.2 Data Models
651
8.1.3 Objects for SAP NetWeaver BW Modeling
657
8.1.4 Basics of Data Extraction
660
8.1.5 Reporting
663
8.2 DB2 for LUW as Database for SAP NetWeaver BW
664
8.2.1 Standard Installation for SAP NetWeaver BW
665
8.2.2 SAP NetWeaver BW and the DB2 Database Partitioning Feature
669
8.2.3 Massive Parallel Processing and Intrapartition Parallelism
681
8.2.4 Multidimensional Clustering
686
8.2.5 DB2 Column-Organized Tables
695
8.3 Summary
695
9 Common Problems and Their Solutions for DB2 Administrators
697
9.1 Sources for Help to Solve Problems
698
9.1.1 SAP Notes Search
698
9.1.2 SAP Support Request
701
9.1.3 SAP Community Network
706
9.1.4 IBM DB2 Database Product Documentation
707
9.2 Approach to Troubleshooting
708
9.2.1 Identify the Problem
709
9.2.2 Create a Support Ticket
710
9.2.3 Collect Data
710
9.3 SAP Instance Cannot Connect to the Database
711
9.3.1 Symptoms
711
9.3.2 Problem Investigation
712
9.4 Poor Database Performance
716
9.4.1 Symptoms
716
9.4.2 Investigating the Problem
716
9.5 SAP System Does Not Start Due to a Missing License
720
9.5.1 Symptoms
720
9.5.2 Solving the Problem
721
9.6 Database Is in Backup Pending Mode
722
9.6.1 Symptoms
723
9.6.2 Solutions
723
9.7 Log Archive Destination Is Not Available
725
9.7.1 Symptoms
725
9.7.2 Solutions
726
9.8 The Transaction Log for the Database Is Full
728
9.8.1 Symptoms
728
9.8.2 Solutions
729
9.9 DB2 Backup Runtime Unacceptably High
731
9.9.1 Symptoms
731
9.9.2 Solutions
732
9.10 Summary
735
The Authors
737
Index
739