Table of Contents

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Preface
15
1 An Overview of Planning with SAP Supply Chain Management
21
1.1 SAP Supply Chain Management
21
1.2 SAP Advanced Planning & Optimization
23
1.3 Summary
27
2 An Overview of Production Planning with SAP ERP and SAP APO-PP/DS
29
2.1 Production Planning Functions
29
2.1.1 Material Requirements Planning
30
2.1.2 Multilevel Planning
33
2.1.3 Material Planning and Capacity Planning
35
2.2 Advanced Production Planning with SAP APO-PP/DS
38
2.2.1 Requirements Planning with Exact Times
39
2.2.2 Descriptive Characteristics
39
2.2.3 Simultaneous Quantity and Capacity Planning
40
2.2.4 Production Planning Runs with Several Steps
40
2.2.5 Pegging and Control of the Material Flow
41
2.2.6 Determining the Source of Supply and Cost-Based Planning
43
2.2.7 Advanced Alert Handling
45
2.2.8 Advanced Options in Capacity Planning
48
2.2.9 Simple Options for Enhancement with Custom Functions and Heuristics
50
2.3 Planning in SAP APO and Execution in SAP ERP
52
2.4 Summary
53
3 The SAP Advanced Planning & Optimization Core Interface
55
3.1 Design of the Core Interface
55
3.1.1 Plug-In
56
3.1.2 Connecting the Systems Using Remote Function Calls
59
3.1.3 SAP APO-Specific Settings
63
3.2 The Principle of Master Data Transfer
69
3.2.1 Initial Transfer of Master Data
72
3.2.2 Transferring New SAP APO-Relevant Master Data
84
3.2.3 Change Transfer of Master Data
86
3.3 The Principle of Transaction Data Transfer
96
3.3.1 Transaction Data in SAP ERP and SAP APO
97
3.3.2 Initial and Change Transfers for Transaction Data
98
3.3.3 Transfer of Transaction Data from SAP APO to SAP ERP
101
3.4 Core Interface Monitoring
104
3.4.1 The Principle of Queued Remote Function Calls
105
3.4.2 Tools for Troubleshooting Transfer Errors
108
3.4.3 Eliminating Transfer Errors
110
3.5 Summary
112
4 Master Data
113
4.1 Mapping Principle
113
4.2 Locations
114
4.2.1 Transferring Plants and Distribution Centers
116
4.2.2 Storage Location Material Requirements Planning Areas
118
4.2.3 Customers and Vendors
119
4.2.4 External Procurement Relationships and Transportation Lanes
121
4.3 Products
123
4.3.1 Header Data
125
4.3.2 ATP Settings
125
4.3.3 Requirements Settings
126
4.3.4 Lot Size Settings
128
4.3.5 Additional Settings
129
4.4 Resources
129
4.4.1 Resources in SAP APO
131
4.4.2 SAP APO Resource Data
132
4.5 Production Data Structures and Production Process Models
132
4.5.1 Production Process Model, Runtime Object, Production Data Structure, and SAP APO Releases
133
4.5.2 Release-Dependent Notes for Runtime Objects or Production Data Structures
134
4.5.3 Structure of the Production Process Model and Production Data Structure
136
4.5.4 Transfer from SAP ERP
138
4.6 Mass Changes to SAP APO Master Data
140
4.7 Summary
142
5 Basic Functions of Production Planning
145
5.1 Basic Settings
145
5.1.1 Core Interface Integration
145
5.1.2 Global Settings
146
5.1.3 Planning Procedure
148
5.2 Independent Requirements
152
5.2.1 Sales Orders
152
5.2.2 Planned Independent Requirements in SAP APO
155
5.2.3 Requirements Strategies
158
5.2.4 Reducing Planned Independent Requirements
164
5.2.5 Descriptive Characteristics
165
5.3 The Planning Procedure
168
5.3.1 Interactive Planning
168
5.3.2 Production Planning Run
171
5.3.3 Capable-to-Match
175
5.4 Heuristics
176
5.4.1 Product Heuristics
178
5.4.2 Heuristics for Flow Control
183
5.4.3 Service Heuristics
184
5.5 Example of a Complete Planning Run
186
5.6 Firming
188
5.6.1 Manual Firming
188
5.6.2 Firming Based on a Firming Period
189
5.7 Net Requirements Calculation and Lot Sizes
192
5.7.1 Net Requirements Calculation
192
5.7.2 Lot Size Calculation
194
5.8 Determining the Source of Supply
196
5.8.1 Procurement Types
196
5.8.2 Automatic Determination of the Supply Source
198
5.8.3 Interactive Sourcing
200
5.9 Scheduling
202
5.9.1 Scheduling for External Procurement
202
5.9.2 Scheduling for In-House Production
203
5.9.3 Planning Strategy
205
5.9.4 Finiteness Level
211
5.9.5 Alternative Resources
214
5.9.6 Scheduled Planned Orders
215
5.10 Pegging
216
5.10.1 Dynamic Pegging
218
5.10.2 Fixed Pegging
220
5.10.3 Safety Stocks in SAP liveCache
222
5.11 Setup Times in Planning
222
5.12 Product Interchangeability
225
5.13 Executing Planning in SAP ERP
227
5.14 Summary
228
6 Tools to Evaluate and Process Planning
231
6.1 Order Views
231
6.1.1 Entering the Product View
232
6.1.2 Structure of the Product View
232
6.1.3 Using the Product View
234
6.1.4 Customizing the Product View
235
6.2 Product Planning Table
236
6.2.1 Entering the Product Planning Table
237
6.2.2 Structure of the Product Planning Table
238
6.2.3 Using the Product Planning Table
239
6.2.4 Customizing the Product Planning Table
240
6.3 Product Overview
242
6.3.1 Entering the Product Overview
242
6.3.2 Structure of the Product Overview
243
6.3.3 Using the Product Overview
244
6.4 Detailed Scheduling Planning Board
245
6.4.1 Entering the Detailed Scheduling Planning Board
245
6.4.2 Structure of the Detailed Scheduling Planning Board
247
6.4.3 Using the Detailed Scheduling Planning Board
248
6.4.4 Settings for Detailed Scheduling Strategies
252
6.4.5 Support of Interactive Planning with Detailed Scheduling Heuristics
261
6.4.6 Customizing the Detailed Scheduling Planning Board
263
6.5 Resource Planning Table
265
6.5.1 Entering the Resource Planning Table
265
6.5.2 Structure of the Resource Planning Table
265
6.5.3 Using the Resource Planning Table
267
6.5.4 Customizing the Resource Planning Table
267
6.6 PP/DS Optimizer
268
6.6.1 Basics of PP/DS Optimization
268
6.6.2 Entering the Optimizer
269
6.6.3 Structure of the Evaluation View of the Optimizer
270
6.6.4 Parameterization of the Optimizer
271
6.7 Alert Monitor
276
6.7.1 Entering the Alert Monitor
276
6.7.2 Structure of the Alert Monitor
277
6.7.3 Using the Alert Monitor
278
6.7.4 Customizing the Alert Monitor
279
6.8 Summary
280
7 Advanced Processes in SAP APO-PP/DS
283
7.1 Finite Planning with the Planning Run
284
7.1.1 Finite Requirements Planning
284
7.1.2 Finite Planning as Multistep Procedure
285
7.2 Setup-Optimal Sequencing with the PP/DS Optimizer
298
7.2.1 The PP/DS Optimizer as an Interactive Planning Tool
299
7.2.2 Sample Process for Interactive Setup Optimization
299
7.3 Capable-to-Promise
308
7.3.1 Prerequisites for the Capable-to-Promise Procedure
308
7.3.2 Capable-to-Promise Process
309
7.4 Planned Material Flow
317
7.4.1 Fixed Material Flow Using Pegging Available-to-Promise
317
7.4.2 Fixed Material Flow Using the Material Requirements Planning
319
7.4.3 Fixed Material Flow to Support the Optimization
320
7.4.4 Fixed Material Flow to Support the Capable-to-Promise Procedure
322
7.5 Multiresource Planning with the Wave Algorithm
323
7.5.1 Prerequisites for Multiresource Planning
323
7.5.2 Multiresource Planning Process
324
7.5.3 Alternatives to Multiresource Planning
331
7.6 Integration of Variant Configuration
332
7.6.1 Overview of the Procedures with SCM-APO Integration
333
7.6.2 Basic Prerequisites for the Variant Configuration under SCM-APO
336
7.6.3 Scenario 1: Make-to-Order Production with Variant Configuration without Characteristics-Based Forecasting
342
7.6.4 Scenario 2: Make-to-Order Production with Variant Configuration and Characteristics-Based Forecasting
345
7.7 Material Requirements Planning-Based Detailed Scheduling
357
7.8 Summary
360
8 Alternative User Interface for Planning
361
8.1 Planner’s Home Page
361
8.1.1 Introduction to the Planner’s Home Page
361
8.1.2 Technical Prerequisites and Setup Process
362
8.1.3 Organization and Adjustment
363
8.1.4 Applications
365
8.2 Enhanced Product Planning and Side Panels
368
8.2.1 Introduction to Enhanced Product Planning
368
8.2.2 Technical Prerequisites and Setup Process
368
8.2.3 Building Blocks of Enhanced Product Planning
369
8.2.4 Side Panels
370
8.3 Summary
374
Appendices
375
A Transactions and Menu Paths
377
A.1 SAP ERP Core Interface
377
A.2 SAP ERP Customizing
379
A.3 SAP APO-PP/DS Master Data
380
A.4 SAP APO-PP/DS Planning
383
A.5 SAP APO Monitoring
385
A.6 SAP APO Administration
385
A.7 SAP APO Customizing
386
B SAP Notes on SAP APOPP/DS
391
B.1 SAP APO-PP/DS in General
391
B.2 Master Data in General
391
B.3 Production Process Model, Runtime Object, and Production Data Structure
392
B.4 MRP Areas
393
B.5 Product Interchangeability
393
B.6 Integration
394
B.7 Production Planning in General
394
B.8 Production Planning Run, Heuristics, MRP
395
B.9 Product View and Product Planning Table
396
B.10 Pegging
396
B.11 CTP Check, Multilevel ATP Check
397
B.12 Conversion of Orders
397
B.13 Safety Stock
398
B.14 Characteristic Dependent Planning/Block Planning
398
B.15 Special Planning Processes
399
B.16 Detailed Scheduling—Integration
399
B.17 Detailed Scheduling Planning Board
399
B.18 Scheduling
400
B.19 Customer-Specific Heuristics
401
B.20 Optimization
401
B.21 Alert Monitor
402
B.22 Rapid Deployment Solutions
402
B.23 Performance
402
B.24 SAP APO Deployment Options
403
B.25 Planner’s Home Page and Enhanced Product Planning
403
C Heuristics
405
C.1 Heuristics for SAP APO 3.0
405
C.2 New Heuristics Introduced in SAP APO 3.1
408
C.3 New Heuristics Introduced in SAP SCM 4.0
410
C.4 New Heuristics Introduced in SAP SCM 4.1
411
C.5 New Heuristics Introduced in SAP SCM 5.0
412
C.6 New Heuristics Introduced in SAP SCM 5.1
414
C.7 New Heuristics Introduced in SAP SCM 7.0
414
C.8 New Heuristic Introduced in SAP SCM 7.0, EHP1
415
C.9 New Heuristics Introduced in SAP SCM 7.0, EHP2
415
D Abbreviations
417
E The Authors
419
Index
421